Opinion
Docket No. 102570.
Decided October 28, 1988.
John D. Nickola, for plaintiff.
Stanton, Bullen, Nelson, Moilanen Klaasen, P.C. (by Charles A. Nelson and Joseph L. Rooney, Jr.), for Transamerica Insurance Company.
Law Offices of Richard A. Shulaw, P.C. (by Richard A. Shulaw and Timothy D. Reeves), for Auto-Owners Insurance Company.
Plaintiff appeals as of right a Clinton Circuit Court order granting garnishee defendants' motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). The trial court granted summary disposition on the ground that, under the terms of the policies issued by garnishee defendants, no coverage existed that would make garnishee defendants liable to plaintiff.
This dispute arises out of a March 29, 1980, car accident in which Kay Shank was killed when her car was struck from behind by a 1968 Buick driven by defendant Jeffrey Kurka. Kurka's own car, a 1974 Plymouth, was inoperable due to a faulty transmission, and he borrowed the 1968 Buick from his friend Mark George prior to the accident. Kurka had transferred the title of the 1968 Buick to George approximately one month before the accident.
Plaintiff, as personal representative of the estate of the deceased, filed a wrongful death action against Kurka and was awarded $500,000 in damages. The resulting judgment was satisfied in part by Kurka's and George's insurance companies. Unable to collect the $380,000 balance of the judgment from Kurka, plaintiff instituted garnishment proceedings against Transamerica Insurance Company, which insured Kurka's father, and Auto-Owners Insurance Company, which insured Kurka's grandmother and uncle. Although there is a serious question concerning where Kurka intended to make his permanent residence, at the time of the accident he resided in the same household with his grandmother, father and uncle.
The sole issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in granting summary disposition to garnishee defendants because the provisions of the policies garnishee defendants issued to Kurka's grandmother, father and uncle excluded Kurka from residual liability coverage. We find that no error occurred.
Plaintiff argues that, although Kurka was not a named insured under the policies garnishee defendants issued to Kurka's relatives, those policies extended coverage to Kurka under the substitute vehicle provisions of those policies as well as under the "use of other automobiles" provision of Transamerica's policy and the "drive other cars" provision of the Auto-Owners policy. In this regard, plaintiff claims that the policies are ambiguous and require technical construction, are contrary to Kurka's reasonable expectations, and that Kurka resided in the same household as his relatives and was driving a car he did not own on the day of the accident. Garnishee defendants, on the other hand, argue that the policy language clearly excludes Kurka from coverage, that Kurka did not reside in the same household with his relatives, and that Kurka remained part owner of the 1968 Buick involved in the accident because he did not properly transfer title to George.
We first note that Kurka did not own the 1968 Buick at the time the accident occurred. Although Kurka never removed his license plates from the 1968 Buick and the certificate of title was never forwarded to the Secretary of State, Kurka signed the certificate of title and had it notarized prior to giving it to George. Notwithstanding any delay in forwarding the certificate of title to the Secretary of State, title to a motor vehicle passes upon delivery of a properly executed assignment of certificate of title. Fleckenstein v Citizens' Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 326 Mich. 591, 596; 40 N.W.2d 733 (1950); Albanys v Mid-Century Ins Co, 91 Mich. App. 41, 44; 282 N.W.2d 11 (1979), rev'd on other grounds 407 Mich. 925 (1979). That George's name did not appear on the certificate of title at the time of the accident is not dispositive. Karibian v Paletta, 122 Mich. App. 353, 357-358; 332 N.W.2d 484 (1983). However, there is no dispute that at the time of the accident Kurka owned a 1974 Plymouth. Therefore, Kurka was not covered by the provisions of garnishee defendants' policies, and the issue of his residency is irrelevant.
The substitute vehicle provisions of garnishee defendants' policies clearly indicate that they apply only to the named insured or insured spouse, and that only vehicles used as substitutes for the vehicles named in the policies are covered. Kurka was neither named as an insured on any of the policies nor was his 1974 Plymouth listed as an insured vehicle. The 1968 Buick, owned by George, which Kurka was driving at the time of the accident was clearly not being used as a substitute for any of the vehicles insured under any of garnishee defendants' policies, but, rather, was being used as a substitute for Kurka's 1974 Plymouth.
Nor does Kurka fall under the provisions of garnishee defendants' policies involving the use or driving of other automobiles. In this regard, coverage is extended to family members who reside with the insured, or the insured's spouse, but coverage is clearly excluded where such a family member owns an automobile himself. It is undisputed that Kurka owned a 1974 Plymouth which Kurka intended to repair as soon as he gathered enough money for a new transmission.
Owned vehicle exclusion clauses are valid as long as they are clear and unambiguous, are not against public policy, and employ easily understood terms and plain language. Powers v Detroit Automobile Inter-Ins Exchange, 427 Mich. 602, 615-616; 398 N.W.2d 411 (1986); Raska v Farm Bureau Mutual Ins Co of Michigan, 412 Mich. 355, 362; 314 N.W.2d 440 (1982); Automobile Club Ins Ass'n v Page, 162 Mich. App. 664, 668; 413 N.W.2d 472 (1987); Ziegler v Goodrich, 163 Mich. App. 656, 659; 415 N.W.2d 4 (1987). We find that the exclusions in question were clear and unambiguous and plainly stated that coverage was not extended under the circumstances presented.
Accordingly, the trial court properly granted summary disposition to garnishee defendants. Morganroth v Whitall, 161 Mich. App. 785, 788; 411 N.W.2d 859 (1987).
Affirmed.