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Rojas v. State

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District
Aug 8, 2001
790 So. 2d 1219 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

Summary

holding that reason given for peremptory strike — proposed juror's husband was a law enforcement officer — was gender neutral

Summary of this case from Hayes v. State

Opinion

Case No. 3D01-494

Opinion filed August 8, 2001.

An appeal from the Circuit Court of Dade County, Jerald Bagley, Judge. Lower Tribunal Case No. 00-2511.

Bennett H. Brummer, Public Defender, and Howard K. Blumberg, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, and Erin K. Zack, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.

Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and GERSTEN and FLETCHER, JJ.


We must reverse Rojas' conviction because the trial court erred when it disallowed Rojas' peremptory strike of a proposed juror. As we have been faced with a barrage of appeals in which it is contended that peremptory challenges were improperly rejected by the trial court, we remind all concerned of the process required to be followed in judging the propriety of peremptory challenges.

"The resolution of whether a peremptory challenge is to be allowed by the trial judge where a party objects to the other side's use thereof as being racially based is to be reached in a three-step process. The first step requires the non-striking party to make a timely objection that the peremptory challenge is based on racial grounds; to show that the venireperson is a member of a distinct racial group; then to request that the court ask the striking party to explain the reason for the strike. See Melbourne v. State, 679 So.2d 759, 764 (Fla. 1996).

The second step in the process requires the proponent of the strike to come forward with a race neutral explanation. If the proponent's explanation is facially race neutral, then the court must take the third step. That is, the court must decide whether the facially race neutral explanation is or is not a pretext, given all the circumstances surrounding the strike. The trial court's focus in step three is not on the reasonableness of the explanation, but rather its genuineness. In evaluating genuineness the trial court is analyzing a subjective issue, the decision turning primarily on the trial court's assessment of the striking party's credibility — which is solely within the purview of the finder of fact. If the court finds the explanation is not pretextual the strike will be sustained. Melbourne, 679 So.2d at 764."

Gender-based challenges are prohibited as well, Abshire v. State, 642 So.2d 542 (Fla. 1994); Pringle v. State, 790 So.2d 1221 Fla. L. Weekly D1599 (Fla. 3d DCA, June 27, 2001) at footnote 1. Our discussion here is applicable thereto.

Pringle v. State, 790 So.2d 1220, 26 Fla. L. Weekly D1599 (Fla. 3d DCA, June 27, 2001).

In making its ruling the trial court needs to keep in mind that it is dealing with a peremptory strike, not one for cause. Separating in one's mind the "rules" relating to peremptory challenges from those relating to cause challenges makes the trial court's task less confusing (which, in defense of the trial judge, we recognize it can be).

However, we must reverse because the denied strike should have been allowed as the reason given for Rojas' strike was a gender neutral one contrary to the trial court's conclusion that it was not.

The proposed juror's husband is a federal law enforcement officer. Rojas defended his strike on this basis, which is gender neutral.

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.


Summaries of

Rojas v. State

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District
Aug 8, 2001
790 So. 2d 1219 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

holding that reason given for peremptory strike — proposed juror's husband was a law enforcement officer — was gender neutral

Summary of this case from Hayes v. State

reversing because defense's reason for the strike was gender-neutral

Summary of this case from State v. Whitby
Case details for

Rojas v. State

Case Details

Full title:JOSE MANUEL ROJAS, Appellant, v. THE STATE OF FLORIDA, Appellee

Court:District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District

Date published: Aug 8, 2001

Citations

790 So. 2d 1219 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2001)

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