Brant, J.

Michael Provenzano, D.C. ("Provenzano") commenced this suit to recover Personal Injury Protection ("PIP") payments for chiropractic treatment he provided to Dennis Justiniano ("Justiniano"), an insured of Plymouth Rock Assurance Corporation ("Plymouth Rock"). After a trial on Provenzano's amended complaint for G.L.C. 93A, § 11 damages, judgment was entered for Plymouth Rock. This Dist./Mun. Cts. R. A. D. A, Rule 8C, appeal by Provenzano followed.

Justiniano was injured in an automobile accident on June 22, 2003. He filed an insurance claim with Plymouth Rock on June 24, 2003, and an application for PIP benefits on July 29, 2003. Provenzano provided chiropractic treatment to Justiniano for his injuries from June 23, 2003 through December 15, 2003. During the course of that treatment, Provenzano submitted various bills for his services to Plymouth Rock.

Plymouth Rock deferred payment of Provenzano's bills until it could arrange an Independent Medical Examination ("IME") of Justiniano by another chiropractor. Plymouth Rock hired a chiropractor named Mark DeLorenzo ("DeLorenzo"), who conducted the IME on September 29, 2003. DeLorenzo concluded that further chiropractic treatment of Justiniano was not indicated, and recommended a full review of Provenzano's records of Justiniano's treatment. DeLorenzo submitted an unsigned IME report to Plymouth Rock on October 3, 2003. Plymouth Rock waited until it received a signed copy of DeLorenzo's report on November 17, 2003, and then forwarded a copy to Justiniano's counsel.

Based on his medical records review conducted on March 4, 2004, DeLorenzo concluded that treatments received by Justiniano before August 29, 2003 were justified, but that treatments received after that particular date were not. DeLorenzo also opined that a claimed charge for a "biofreeze" treatment by Provenzano was unjustified. Based on DeLorenzo's recommendations, Plymouth Rock paid Provenzano $1,705.00 on April 6, 2004, which left a balance due of $2,235.00 on Provenzano's invoices for services provided to Justiniano.

On July 7, 2004, Provenzano filed this G.L.c. 90, § 34M suit against Plymouth Rock to recover the unpaid balance of his charges, plus attorney's fees. Section 34M clearly provides that if PIP payments for medical bills are not made by the insurer within thirty days, the treating practitioner "shall be deemed a party to a contract with the insurer responsible for payment and shall therefore have a right to commence an action in contract for payment." Thus, Provenzano's standing to bring this suit derived from his statutorily-created contractual relationship with Plymouth Rock. Revere Chiropractic Rehab, v. Concord Group Ins. Cos., 2001 Mass. App. Div. 237.

After Provenzano commenced this suit, Plymouth Rock retained DeLorenzo as its expert witness. The case was eventually scheduled for a December 14, 2005 jury-waived trial. The parties entered into settlement discussions that failed after Provenzano's counsel made a demand for more than double the outstanding claim.

On December 8, 2005, Plymouth Rock's attorney, its claims adjuster, and its claims supervisor met to discuss the case. They determined that because DeLorenzo would charge $2,500.00 for his services as an expert witness at trial, it made better business sense simply to pay the $2,235.00 amount sought in Provenzano's complaint. Thus, Plymouth Rock sent a check for that amount to Provenzano's counsel on December 9, 2005, five days before the scheduled trial.

The payment of Provenzano's outstanding charges extinguished his claim under G.L.c. 90, § 34M. Fascione v. CNA Ins. Cos., 435 Mass. 88, 94 (2001). See Boehm v. Premier Ins. Co., 2006 Mass. App. Div. 53, 55. To avoid dismissal of his case, Provenzano moved successfully to amend his complaint to substitute a G.L.c. 93A, § 11 claim that Plymouth Rock had engaged in unfair and deceptive practices in violation of G.L.c. 93A, § 2. Claims pursuant to G.L.c. 93A, § 11 "can clearly remain viable even after any outstanding medical bills have been paid." Amari v. Plymouth Rock Assurance Corp., 2004 Mass. App. Div. 131, 132.

The case was tried jury waived on April 21, 2006. Provenzano, who did not testify himself, called Plymouth Rock's claims adjuster as his only witness and submitted documentary evidence that included his bills for Justiniano's treatment and correspondence with Plymouth Rock regarding that treatment. At the close of the evidence, Provenzano filed several requests for rulings. After trial, the judge issued a written decision detailing the factual history between the parties and ordering judgment, without additional explanation, for Plymouth Rock. The judge also made rulings on Provenzano's Mass. R. Civ. P., Rule 64A, requests. Provenzano filed this appeal on a charge of error in those rulings.

A plaintiff must demonstrate a significant level of rascality on the part of the defendant to prevail on a G.L.c. 93A, § 11 claim. Anthony's Pier Four, Inc. v. HBC Assocs., 411 Mass. 451, 475-476 (1991); Greenery Rehabilitation Group, Inc. v. Antaramian, 36 Mass. App. Ct. 73, 78-79 (1994). Generally, the mere fact that a party delayed payment until after it changed its mind about contesting a matter may not rise to the level of a violation of G.L.C 93A, § 11. Lambert v. Fleet Nat'l Bank, 449 Mass. 119, 127 (2007). A business may reasonably decide to pay a disputed claim to avoid the cost of litigation. Boehm, supra at 56.

The burden of proving a G.L.C. 93A, § 11 claim by a sophisticated business person is more onerous than the burden on a G.L.c. 93A, § 9 claim brought by a consumer. "A claim under G.L.c. 93A, § 11 by a business entity . . . would not be on the same footing as a claim by a consumer (such as the insured in a PIP case)." Id. at 55. Further, § 11 does not set forth a right of action for unfair insurance practices in violation of G.L.c. 176D, § 3, although it does permit recovery for unfair and deceptive acts in violation of G.L.c. 93A, § 2. Thus, a G.L.c. 93A, § 11 claimant seeking redress for unlawful insurance practices must demonstrate that such practices constituted unfair and deceptive acts prohibited by G.L.c. 93A, § 2. Cruickshank v. Commerce Ins. Co., 2004 Mass. App. Div. 103 n. 4.

Provenzano's initial argument on appeal is that the judge erred in denying the following request for ruling of law: "A PIP carrier commits an unfair or deceptive practice prohibited by G.L.c. 93A if it unreasonably withholds payment of PIP benefits when properly presented with evidence of the medical services rendered." What constitutes unreasonable conduct, or what is unfair or deceptive in the circumstances of a particular case, is a question of fact for a trial court. Chervin v. Travelers Ins. Co., 448 Mass. 95, 112 (2006); Brewster Wallcovering Co. v. Blue Mountain Wallcoverings, Inc., 68 Mass. App. Ct. 582, 604 n. 52 (2007). The judge's denial of Provenzano's request was consistent with the finding implicit in his written decision that Plymouth Rock's delay in making PIP payments to Provenzano was attributable to the need for an IME and medical records review, and to a reasonable business decision to avoid litigation costs, rather than to any unfair and deceptive conduct. While the judge could have explained his decision with more clarity, we do not find any error in his denial of Provenzano's request.

Provenzano has also objected to the denial of his request no. 22, which sought a ruling that "[t]he evidence warrants a finding for the plaintiff." It is elementary that a "warrant" request seeks a ruling of law that the evidence introduced at trial would merely permit, not require, a finding in favor of the requesting party. Thus, "a `warrant' request must be allowed where any view of the evidence, credibility aside, would allow recovery by the requesting party." Amari v. Plymouth Rock Assurance Corp., 2007 Mass. App. Div. 139, 140, quoting Mercier v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 2000 Mass. App. Div. 302, 303. The record indicates that Provenzano introduced evidence demonstrating that there was a significant delay by Plymouth Rock, in violation of G.L.c. 90, § 34M, in making the required PIP payments in this case. As that evidence would have permitted a finding for Provenzano, his request for ruling no. 22 should have been allowed in recognition of the existence of that evidence. However, the erroneous denial of a warrant request does not require reversal when the judge's findings indicate that his ultimate decision was properly based on an assessment of the weight and credibility of the evidence rather than on an erroneous conclusion that the evidence was legally insufficient to permit a finding in favor of the requesting party. Gauvin v. Clark, 404 Mass. 450, 457 (1989); DiGesse v. Columbia Pontiac Co., 369 Mass. 99, 104 (1975); Post v. Kaitz, 1999 Mass. App. Div. 20, 22. The judge's written findings in this case indicate that his judgment in favor of Plymouth Rock was based on his acceptance of the insurer's justification for its payment delays rather than on any disregard of Provenzano's evidence. As the evidence in its entirety supports the trial court's finding for Plymouth Rock on Provenzano's G.L.c. 93A, § 11 claim, there was no prejudicial error.

Provenzano's remaining arguments on appeal are equally unavailing. The denials of the requests for rulings that he has challenged were made on requests filed by him that improperly presented mixed questions of fact or law; were allowed by the trial judge, but inconsistent with his ultimate finding for Plymouth Rock; or were restatements of the general warrant request discussed above.

Judgment affirmed.

So ordered.