Summary
Recognizing that duty owed to third party who was injured by a minor who had been served contrary to Liquor Control Act also applied when the minor, and not a third party, is injured.
Summary of this case from Busby v. Quail Creek Golf Country ClubOpinion
No. 5725.
February 15, 1983. Certiorari Quashed June 24, 1983.
APPEAL FROM DISTRICT COURT, SANTE FE COUNTY, LORENZO F. GARCIA, D.J.
Jones, Gallegos, Snead Wertheim, P.A. by Peter V. Culbert, Santa Fe, for plaintiffs-appellants.
Gerber, Ives Gramer by Paul D. Gerber and Janice M. Ahern, Santa Fe, for defendant-appellee.
OPINION
Is a tavern keeper liable when he knowingly sells alcohol to minors and, as a result of the sale, the minors are killed or injured?
Elizabeth Porter, 16, was killed when her car overturned. Anna Marie Flores and Frances Flores, minor passengers in the car, were injured. Another minor passenger, Julie Roybal, was not injured. Elizabeth Porter is represented by her father, Daniel Porter, Sr., and the Flores sisters are represented by their father, Ceferino Flores.
The plaintiffs filed their complaint against Ortiz on April 3, 1981. They alleged that Ortiz, owner of the El Alto Bar in Pecos, New Mexico, willfully or negligently provided alcohol to the girls, knowing that they were minors. The defendant moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim, or in the alternative for summary judgment. After hearing, the trial court ruled that there were genuine issues of material fact, but that as a matter of law plaintiffs did not state a claim against Ortiz. The plaintiffs appeal the dismissal of their complaint.
We reverse.
Since the trial court's ruling our Supreme Court, in Lopez v. Maez, 98 N.M. 625, 651 P.2d 1269 (1982) and MRC Properties, Inc. v. Gries, 98 N.M. 710, 652 P.2d 732 (1982), has held that tavern keepers may be liable under certain circumstances. Lopez and MRC overruled Marchiondo v. Roper, 90 N.M. 367, 563 P.2d 1160 (1977); Hall v. Budagher, 76 N.M. 591, 417 P.2d 71 (1966).
We reiterate generally what was said in Lopez and MRC. Those cases provide for tavern keeper liability when the plaintiff can show that the tavern keeper owes him a duty of care, and that the breach of that duty is the proximate cause of his injury. Lopez recognized that a duty may be established by statute.
We must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, and assume that all of their well-pleaded allegations are true. Davis Carruth v. Valley Mercantile, etc., Co., 33 N.M. 295, 265 P. 35 (1928); Hall, supra. We must assume that Ortiz knowingly sold alcohol not only to Elizabeth Porter, but to all of the minor girls, all of whom he knew were minors and could see out of the front windows of the bar.
Both § 60-7B-1 and § 60-7B-1.1, N.M.S.A. 1978 (1981 Repl. Pamph.) make it a violation of the Liquor Control Act to "sell" or "deliver" alcohol to a minor, or to "aid or assist" a minor in procuring alcohol. In MRC, the predecessor statute to § 60-7B-1(A), supra, which was substantially the same as the new statute, created a duty to a third party who was injured by a minor who had been served alcohol contrary to the Liquor Control Act. Here, the minors, and not a third party, were injured. This supports our conclusion that Ortiz owed a duty of care to the minor girls.
Consistent with Lopez and MRC we conclude that, under the facts in the plaintiffs' complaint, Ortiz may be liable for the death of Elizabeth Porter and the injuries to the Flores sisters.
The breach of that duty must be shown to be the proximate cause of the accident. The plaintiffs alleged this in their complaint, and for purposes of this appeal, we assume that the breach of duty was the proximate cause of the accident.
We have no difficulty concluding that under Lopez and MRC, the complaint states a claim against Ortiz. A more difficult issue, and the critical issue, is whether these cases apply to the present case. We hold that they do. In MRC the Supreme Court stated: "The present case and Lopez v. Maez were on appeal in our Court at the same time; therefore, we will allow the application of the common law negligence principle set forth in Lopez v. Maez to apply to the present case."
The present case was pending on appeal at the same time as Lopez and MRC and, therefore, we hold that those cases apply to this case. The fact that this case was pending in the Court of Appeals, and not the Supreme Court, does not alter our conclusion. The balancing of different policies used in Lopez and in MRC is no different when the case is pending in the Court of Appeals.
The case is remanded to the district court for trial.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
HENDLEY, J., concurs.
BIVINS, J. (concurring in part, dissenting in part).
I concur with that part of the majority opinion holding that under Lopez v. Maez, 98 N.M. 625, 651 P.2d 1269 (1982) and MRC Properties, Inc. v. Gries, 98 N.M. 710, 652 P.2d 732 (1982) the complaint states a claim against Ortiz.
I disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority allowing the common law principle announced in Lopez and MRC to apply to the present case.
Lopez made a major change in the law. It imposed a new liability on tavernowners and in doing so expressly overruled Marchiondo v. Roper, 90 N.M. 367, 563 P.2d 1160 (1977) and Hall v. Budagher, 76 N.M. 591, 417 P.2d 71 (1966). In discussing the application of this new liability the Supreme Court in Lopez said:
If the new law imposes significant new duties and conditions and takes away previously existing rights, then the law should be applied prospectively. (citation omitted). For example, the imposition of this new liability on tavernowners may subject the tavernowners to liability when they are not properly insured. (citations omitted).
98 N.M. at 632, 651 P.2d at 1276.
The Supreme Court applied the new law to Lopez, because it afforded the opportunity to change an outmoded and unjust rule of law, and to prospective cases in which the damages and injuries arise after the date of the mandate in that case. The new liability was also applied to MRC, but only because that case was pending on appeal before the Supreme Court at the same time as Lopez. The present case was not pending before the Supreme Court when Lopez was decided; it was pending before the Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court expressed no intent to include other cases which were then on appeal.
Justice Riordan said in Lopez "It is within the inherent power of the state's highest court to give a decision prospective or retrospective application without offending constitutional principles" Id. at 632, 651 P.2d at 1276. (citation omitted). In deciding on the application the Supreme Court in Lopez was sensitive to the effect the new liability would have on those who had relied on Marchiondo v. Roper and Hall v. Budagher. See special concurring opinion of Chief Justice Oman in Hicks v. State, 88 N.M. 588, 544 P.2d 1153 (1976). This Court should not modify that application.
I would proceed to consider plaintiffs' alternative theories of liability. The majority holding otherwise, I respectfully dissent.