Opinion
109034
05-17-2018
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. ZI HE WU, Appellant.
Goldberger & Dubin, PC, New York City (Stacey A. Van Malden of counsel), for appellant. Kelli P. McCoski, District Attorney, Fonda (Lorraine C. Diamond of counsel), for respondent.
Goldberger & Dubin, PC, New York City (Stacey A. Van Malden of counsel), for appellant.
Kelli P. McCoski, District Attorney, Fonda (Lorraine C. Diamond of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCarthy, J.P., Devine, Mulvey, Aarons and Pritzker, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Devine, J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Montgomery County (Sira, J.), rendered November 21, 2016, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crime of assault in the second degree (two counts).
Defendant was admitted to a hospital's mental health inpatient unit in April 2016 and, while there, attacked and injured two employees in an apparent attempt to flee. He was charged in an indictment with offenses related to that incident and, at trial, advanced "the affirmative defense of lack of criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect" ( CPL 250.10[1][a] ; see Penal Law § 40.15 ). The jury rejected that defense and found him guilty of two counts of assault in the second degree. County Court then sentenced defendant to concurrent prison terms of five years to be followed by postrelease supervision of two years. Defendant appeals, and we affirm.
Defendant contends that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance, an argument that will fail if "the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of [the] case, viewed in totality and as of the time of the representation, reveal that the attorney provided meaningful representation" ( People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400 [1981] ; accord People v. Oliveras, 21 N.Y.3d 339, 346, 971 N.Y.S.2d 221, 993 N.E.2d 1241 [2013] ). It is further incumbent upon defendant to show that counsel's performance was deficient and "that any alleged failure by defense counsel lacked a ‘strategic or other legitimate explanation[ ]’ at the time it occurred" ( People v. Pottorff, 145 A.D.3d 1095, 1097, 43 N.Y.S.3d 169 [2016], lv denied 30 N.Y.3d 1063, 71 N.Y.S.3d 13, 94 N.E.3d 495 [2017], quoting People v. Nicholson, 26 N.Y.3d 813, 831, 28 N.Y.S.3d 663, 48 N.E.3d 944 [2016] ; see People v. Rosario, 157 A.D.3d 988, 993, 69 N.Y.S.3d 149 [2018] ).
Defense counsel had the daunting task of defending a case where defendant's actions on the night of the incident were beyond dispute. Defense counsel played this weak hand by giving late notice of, and successfully arguing for leave to present, the defense of mental disease or defect via the testimony of a clinical psychologist (see CPL 250.10[2] ). The delay in asserting that defense was explained to County Court's satisfaction, and defendant gives no reason to believe that defense counsel's explanation was incorrect. Nothing in defense counsel's examination of the psychologist—in which counsel elicited the psychologist's knowledge of certain inconvenient facts in a seeming effort to show that the psychologist had considered them in forming an opinion as to defendant's mental state—reflected a lack of preparation as opposed to valid strategy (cf. People v. Wilson, 133 A.D.2d 179, 181–182, 518 N.Y.S.2d 690 [1987] ). Contrary to defendant's contention, defense counsel elicited a clear opinion from the psychologist that defendant was psychotic at the time of the incident and that his worsening "delusion and hallucinations" led to the attacks. Defendant further complains that he damaged his defense by exercising his right to testify, but "[t]here is nothing in the record to suggest that [his] decision to testify was anything other than voluntary, and the fact that he may now regret that decision does not establish that he was denied meaningful representation" ( People v. Varmette, 70 A.D.3d 1167, 1172, 895 N.Y.S.2d 239 [2010], lv denied 14 N.Y.3d 845, 901 N.Y.S.2d 152, 927 N.E.2d 573 [2010] ). Defendant points to other purported deficiencies as well, but the record as a whole reveals that defense counsel handled a challenging case with aplomb and afforded defendant with meaningful representation.
To the extent that defendant asserts that defense counsel's purported unreadiness may be shown from facts outside of the record, his remedy is to seek relief pursuant to CPL article 440 (see
Turning to sentencing, defendant did not raise any issue with regard to the aggregate sentence despite having been afforded an opportunity to do so by County Court. He accordingly failed to preserve his contention that the aggregate sentence reflected retaliation for his decision to reject prior plea offers and demand the trial to which he was entitled (see People v. Hurley, 75 N.Y.2d 887, 888, 554 N.Y.S.2d 469, 553 N.E.2d 1017 [1990] ; People v. Hahn, 159 A.D.3d 1062, 1067, 71 N.Y.S.3d 731 [2018] ). "In any event, the fact that defendant's sentence was greater than that offered during plea negotiations" does not demonstrate that he was penalized for proceeding to trial ( People v. Hahn, 159 A.D.3d at 1067, 71 N.Y.S.3d 731 ; see People v. Martinez, 144 A.D.3d 1326, 1326, 40 N.Y.S.3d 678 [2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1186, 52 N.Y.S.3d 712, 75 N.E.3d 104 [2017] ). County Court stated what factors motivated it to impose a greater sentence than the ones contemplated by prior plea offers, pointing to the jury's rejection of defendant's mental disease or defect defense, his failure to accept responsibility for his acts during the presentence investigation and the degree to which his acts wrought physical injuries and emotional impacts upon the victims. There was nothing retaliatory in this and, after considering those factors ourselves, we cannot say that "extraordinary circumstances exist that render the sentence[ ] imposed harsh and excessive" ( People v. Best, 158 A.D.3d 989, 990, 69 N.Y.S.3d 515 [2018] ; see People v. Gray, 47 A.D.3d 1068, 1068, 850 N.Y.S.2d 257 [2008], lv denied 10 N.Y.3d 863, 860 N.Y.S.2d 489, 890 N.E.2d 252 [2008] ).
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
McCarthy, J.P., Mulvey, Aarons and Pritzker, JJ., concur.
People v. Vickers, 156 A.D.3d 1236, 1238, 68 N.Y.S.3d 571 [2017], lvs denied 31 N.Y.3d 980, 988, 77 N.Y.S.3d 658, 102 N.E.3d 435 [2018]; People v. Fisher, 126 A.D.3d 1048, 1052, 4 N.Y.S.3d 703 [2015] ).