Opinion
June 4, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Queens County (Katz, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is reversed, on the law and as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, and a new trial is ordered.
The defendant's right to be present for all material stages of his trial was not violated by his absence from that portion of his Wade hearing referred to in his brief ( see, People v. Morales, 80 N.Y.2d 450; People v. Dokes, 79 N.Y.2d 656, 660).
However, the prosecutor exceeded the boundaries of appropriate advocacy. Defense counsel objected to many of the prosecutor's improper summation comments and moved for a mistrial both during and after the prosecutor's summation. To the extent that the defendant's objections to some of the improper summation comments were not properly preserved for appellate review, we pass upon them under our authority to do so in the interest of justice ( see, CPL 470.15 [a]).
It was improper for the prosecutor to persist in making purposefully inflammatory remarks designed to appeal to the jury's sympathy ( see, People v. Ashwal, 39 N.Y.2d 105, 106). The prosecutor's remarks during his summation, inter alia, that the victim was left "on the street to die, to die like a dog", and that but for the crime, "was probably going to be a brilliant artist", and his invitations to "imagine what a shock it was to [the victim's wife], who's eight months pregnant", were unnecessary and improper.
The prosecutor also improperly shifted the burden of proof to the defendant when, during his summation, he asked the jury, rhetorically, "did [the defendant] call any additional witnesses?", and then supplied the answer, "no". Similarly, it was improper to tell the jury that "the only real evidence is the People's evidence" ( see, e.g., People v. Torres, 223 A.D.2d 741, 742). The prosecutor's accusation, also during summation, that the defendant tailored his own testimony after he heard the testimony of prosecution witnesses, was likewise improper ( see, People v. Butler, 185 A.D.2d 141; People v. Negron, 161 A.D.2d 537).
The prosecutor in his summation improperly described the defendant's testimony as "continued lies on top of lies, on top of lies", and "tales and lies, back and forth, back and forth" ( see, e.g., People v. Nevedo, 202 A.D.2d 183; People v. Ortiz, 125 A.D.2d 502; People v. Valdivia, 108 A.D.2d 885; People v. Jaime, 84 A.D.2d 696; People v. Goggins, 64 A.D.2d 717). Furthermore, the prosecutor gave his own opinion regarding the truth and falsity of witnesses' testimony, and vouched for the victim's credibility ( see, People v. Bailey, 58 N.Y.2d 272; People v. Whitehurst, 87 A.D.2d 896).
Most egregious was the prosecutor's insinuation that the gun which had been recovered from the defendant two weeks after the crime in an unrelated arrest, may have been the gun which was used to shoot the victim. He persisted with this implication despite his knowledge that the ballistics test performed by police conclusively established that the gun had not been used in the crime. The prosecutor's conduct in advocating a position which he knew to be false was an abrogation of his responsibility as a prosecutor ( see, People v. Cotton, 242 A.D.2d 638).
The prejudice to the defendant was compounded, and the prosecutor's misconduct was not only condoned in the eyes of the jury, but perhaps also encouraged, by the court's improper overruling of defense counsel's objections to blatantly improper remarks and, at one point, berating the defendant's attorney for continually interrupting the prosecutor's closing, and telling him to sit down ( see, People v. De Jesus, 42 N.Y.2d 519; People v. Kent, 125 A.D.2d 590). Since the evidence in this one-witness identification case was not overwhelming, a new trial is required ( see, People v. Bailey, supra).
In light of the foregoing, we do not reach the defendant's remaining contention.
Friedmann, J. P., Goldstein, Florio and Luciano, JJ., concur.