OPINION

TAMURA, J.

The City Attorney of the City of Santa Ana brought an action in the name of the People against the owners and operators of the Mitchell Brothers' Santa Ana Theater to enjoin the exhibition of a number of allegedly obscene motion pictures as a public nuisance. On plaintiff's motion, the court granted a preliminary injunction enjoining the showing of the films pending a final determination of their obscenity vel non. Defendants appeal from the order granting the preliminary injunction.

The complaint alleged that certain named feature length films and their previews being shown at the Mitchell Brothers' Theater in Santa Ana were obscene under the Penal Code section 311 definition of "obscenity" and that the exhibition of such films constituted a public nuisance. Following the filing of the action, the People made a motion for a preliminary injunction which was heard by Judge Hamilton on October 23, 24, 25, and 26, 1978. During the course of the hearing, the judge viewed 8 of the 26 films sought to be enjoined and the parties stipulated that the rest of the films were substantially the same in nature and content as those which the judge had viewed. Among the films viewed by the judge were "Deep Throat," "Devil in Miss Jones," "Roller Babies," and "Summer of Laura." Defendants requested the court to take judicial notice that "Roller Babies" and "Summer of Laura" had been determined to be nonobscene in a civil public nuisance action brought by the City Attorney of Santa Ana against certain of the same defendants and that "Deep Throat" and "Devil in Miss Jones" had been found to be nonobscene in an earlier misdemeanor prosecution in Orange County against defendants not parties to the instant action.

On November 2, 1978, Judge Hamilton filed a signed order in which he found that all of the films and previews listed in the application for preliminary injunction were obscene under the Penal Code section 311 definition of "obscenity" and granted a preliminary injunction prohibiting defendants from exhibiting or advertising any of the films or their previews during the pendency of the action or until otherwise ordered by the court. In the same order, the judge ordered defendants to appear on December 8, 1978, "for the hearing on the final injunction and at that time, . . . show cause, if they can, why a permanent injunction should not be issued. . . ."

Defendants moved to reconsider the granting of the preliminary injunction and that motion was set for hearing concurrently with the order to show cause why a permanent injunction should not issue. Both matters came on for hearing on December 18, 1978, before Judge Wisot. The judge denied the motion to reconsider the issuance of the preliminary injunction and ordered the show cause hearing on the permanent injunction off calendar without prejudice to the right of either party to have the cause set for trial on the merits in the manner prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure. The judge expressed the view that the case could not be brought to trial by an order to show cause and that furthermore defendants were entitled to a jury trial on the issue of obscenity.

On December 26, 1978, defendants filed their notice of appeal from the November 2 order granting the preliminary injunction.

Defendants contend that the case of In re Ward (1978) 82 Cal.App.3d 981 [ 147 Cal.Rptr. 476], to the contrary notwithstanding, a preliminary injunction may not issue in an action brought by the People under the state's public nuisance statutes to enjoin the exhibition of allegedly obscene films. Defendants also contend that the court abused its discretion in granting the preliminary injunction because it is not reasonably probable that the People will prevail in the action. Defendants argue that inasmuch as the facts of which the court was requested to take judicial notice show that four of the eight films which the judge viewed had been found not to be obscene in prior litigation and since the parties stipulated that the films which the judge did not view were substantially similar in nature and content to those he had viewed, it is unlikely that the People will prevail in the trial on the merits. In a related contention, defendants contend the People are collaterally estopped from relitigating the obscenity of the four films and that therefore at a minimum the preliminary injunction should be modified to delete them from the order. In the ensuing analysis, we have concluded that defendants' contentions lack merit and that the order granting the preliminary injunction should be affirmed.

I THE PROPRIETY OF THE PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

In People ex rel. Busch v. Projection Room Theater (1976) 17 Cal.3d 42 [ 130 Cal.Rptr. 328, 550 P.2d 600] (U.S. cert. den. in 429 U.S. 922 [50 L.Ed.2d 289, 97 S.Ct. 320]), our Supreme Court sanctioned the use of the public nuisance statutes as a means of regulating the exhibition of obscene materials provided that the statutes are used "in such a way as to operate in a constitutional fashion." ( Id., at p. 55.) The court rejected the argument that abatement of the exhibition of obscene materials under the state's public nuisance laws would violate the constitutional principle against prior restraint of presumptively protected materials. The court observed that a prior restraint is constitutional if it occurs under proper safeguards designed to avoid the dangers of censorship and noted that the state's public nuisance statutes do not provide for "specific forms of relief" as does the Red Light Abatement Law but instead permit a court of equity to fashion an injunction "proper and suitable to the facts of each case." ( Id., at p. 57; italics deleted.) "Thus," the court went on, "in the matters before us if the trial court finds the subject matter obscene under prevailing law an injunctive order may be fashioned that is 'proper and suitable' in each case. It is entirely permissible from a constitutional standpoint to enjoin further exhibition of specific magazines or films which have been finally adjudged to be obscene following a full adversary hearing. [Citations.]" ( Id., at pp. 57-58.)

Defendants point to the quoted language, particularly the phrase "finally adjudged to be obscene following a full adversary hearing," in support of their argument that the Supreme Court was indicating that injunctive relief pendente lite is impermissible in an action to abate the exhibition of presumptively protected materials. The identical contention, however, was squarely presented to, and rejected by, the Court of Appeal in In re Ward, supra, 82 Cal.App.3d 981, 985. The Ward court held that the quoted language from Busch related to a permanent injunction and was not intended to foreclose the granting of a preliminary injunction as long as the procedural safeguards against prior restraints are observed.

The procedural safeguards which are constitutionally required to obviate the danger that a system of prior restraints will run afoul of the First Amendment were first articulated in the seminal case of Freedman v. Maryland (1965) 380 U.S. 51, 58 [13 L.Ed.2d 649, 654, 85 S.Ct. 734].) They have been summarized by the high court as follows: " First, the burden of instituting judicial proceedings, and of proving that the material is unprotected, must rest on the censor. Second, any restraint prior to judicial review can be imposed only for a specified brief period and only for the purpose of preserving the status quo. Third, a prompt final judicial determination must be assured." ( Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad (1975) 420 U.S. 546, 560 [43 L.Ed.2d 448, 460, 95 S.Ct. 1239].) Those standards have since been applied to a motion picture licensing or censorship case (e.g., Teitel Film Corp. v. Cusack (1968) 390 U.S. 139 [19 L.Ed.2d 966, 88 S.Ct. 754]; New Rivieria Arts Theatre v. State (1967) 219 Tenn. 652 [ 412 S.W.2d 890]), to regulation of live musical performances ( Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad, supra, 420 U.S. 546), to seizure of imported materials by federal customs agents ( United States v. Thirty-Seven Photographs (1971) 402 U.S. 363 [28 L.Ed.2d 822, 91 S.Ct. 1400]), to restriction of use of the mails by postal officials ( Blount v. Rizzi (1971) 400 U.S. 410 [27 L.Ed.2d 498, 91 S.Ct. 423]), to seizure of obscene materials in criminal obscenity prosecutions ( Suki, Inc. v. Superior Court (1976) 60 Cal.App.3d 616, 624 [ 131 Cal.Rptr. 615]; People v. Superior Court (Loar) (1972) 28 Cal.App.3d 600, 618 [ 104 Cal.Rptr. 876]), and to the granting of preliminary injunctions in public nuisance obscenity cases (e.g., Grove Press, Inc. v. City of Philadelphia, supra, 418 F.2d 82; Commonwealth v. Guild Theatre, Inc., supra, 248 A.2d 45; State ex rel. Ewing v. "Without A Stitch" (1974) 37 Ohio St.2d 95 [66 Ohio Ops.2d 223, 307 N.E.2d 911]; State v. A Motion Picture Entitled "The Bet," supra, 547 P.2d 760; State v. Gulf States Theatres of Louisiana, Inc., supra, 270 So.2d 547).

In In re Ward, supra, 82 Cal.App.3d 981, defendants argued that a preliminary injunction operated as an unconstitutional prior restraint because there was no guarantee that a final determination on the issue of obscenity would promptly follow the preliminary restraint. The court turned aside the argument holding that the following provisions of Code of Civil Procedure section 527, subdivision (a), did assure a prompt final judicial determination prior to the imposition of a final restraint: "'An injunction may be granted at any time before judgment upon a verified complaint, or upon affidavits if the complaint in the one case, or the affidavits in the other, show satisfactorily that sufficient grounds exist therefor. . . . When the cause is at issue it shall be set for trial at the earliest possible date and shall take precedence of all other cases, except older matters of the same character, and matters to which special precedence may be given by law.'" ( In re Ward, supra, 82 Cal.App.3d 981, 987.) The court thus concluded that state procedures provided a "statutory imperative, . . . requiring that matters wherein a preliminary injunction has been granted be given the highest priority for final determination." ( Id.)

(1) We agree with the Ward court that a preliminary injunction may issue in an action to enjoin the exhibition of allegedly obscene films as a public nuisance and that when a preliminary injunction has issued, state procedures assure prompt final adjudication of the issue of obscenity. While under Code of Civil Procedure section 527, subdivision (a), either party would be entitled to bring the case to an early trial, in the context of an injunction to abate the exhibition of obscene materials, that burden is on the People and the failure to take such action would be a ground for the dissolution of the preliminary injunction.

In the case at bench the preliminary injunction was issued in compliance with the constitutional standards governing prior restraints of presumptively protected materials. Before issuing the order, the court held extensive hearings over a period of four trial days during which the judge viewed eight of the films and the parties stipulated that those viewed were representative of all of the films sought to be enjoined. The court also permitted the parties to introduce such other evidence bearing on the issues as they desired. (2) (See fn. 8.) Defendants were thus accorded a full and fair judicial adversary hearing before the preliminary injunction issued. (3) Although, as Judge Wisot correctly determined, the order to show cause why a permanent injunction should not issue was not the appropriate method of bringing the case to trial on the merits, that portion of the order granting the preliminary injunction was surplusage because once the preliminary injunction issued, Code of Civil Procedure section 527, subdivision (a), mandated trial at the earliest possible date. Upon the People's failure to bring the case promptly to trial, defendants would have been entitled to have the preliminary injunction dissolved. The augmented record shows, however, that defendants, instead of insisting on a prompt trial on the merits, resisted the People's attempt to secure priority in trial setting on the ground that inasmuch as a preliminary injunction was in force the People were not entitled to priority. Defendants are thus in no position to complain that in the case at bench there has not as yet been a final determination of the merits.

II ABUSE OF DISCRETION

(5) The contention that the People were collaterally estopped from asserting the obscenity of "Roller Babies" and "Summer of Laura" because those films were determined nonobscene in a prior civil abatement action against certain of the same defendants is equally without merit. A judgment in which these films were held nonobscene is currently pending on appeal in this court. (4 Civ. 19940.) It is an elementary principle of res judicata that the doctrine applies only to judgments and orders which are final. (4 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (2d ed. 1971) Judgment, § 163, p. 3307.) A judgment is not final while an appeal therefrom is pending.

(6) Also without merit is defendants' related contention that the court abused its discretion in granting the preliminary injunction because it is not reasonably probable that plaintiff will prevail in the action. It is ordinarily within the sound discretion of the trial judge to determine whether or not a preliminary injunction should issue. ( Continental Baking Co. v. Katz, supra, 68 Cal.2d 512, 527; Gosney v. State of California (1970) 10 Cal.App.3d 921, 924 [ 89 Cal.Rptr. 390] .) From the nature and content of the films as disclosed by the evidence adduced at the hearing on the preliminary injunction, there was no abuse of discretion in the instant case.

The order is affirmed.

Gardner, P.J., and McDaniel, J., concurred.

Appellants' petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied May 8, 1980. Mosk, J., and Newman, J., were of the opinion that the petition should be granted.