Opinion
10-20-2016
NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, Respondent, v. ALLIED WASTE SERVICES OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC, Also Known as Allied Waste Services, et al., Appellants.
Marcus & Cinelli, LLP, Williamsville (David P. Marcus of counsel), for appellants. Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Fredrick A. Brodie of counsel), for respondent.
Marcus & Cinelli, LLP, Williamsville (David P. Marcus of counsel), for appellants.
Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Fredrick A. Brodie of counsel), for respondent.
Before: PETERS, P.J., McCARTHY, GARRY, ROSE and MULVEY, JJ.
ROSE, J. Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (O'Connor, J.), entered October 9, 2015 in Albany County, which, among other things, denied defendants' motion for partial summary judgment.
On March 23, 2011, a dump truck owned and operated by defendant Allied Waste Services of North America, LLC collided with the underside of one of plaintiff's bridge overpasses. Plaintiff made minor, temporary repairs to the bridge and, in September 2013, sent a letter to Allied demanding compensation for the estimated cost of repair in the total amount of $913,276. After failing to reach a resolution, plaintiff commenced this action in March 2014 asserting negligence, among other causes of action, and seeking damages in the amount of $913,276, a collection fee pursuant to State Finance Law § 18 in the amount of $200,920 and prejudgment interest from the date of the accident. Following joinder of issue, however, plaintiff revised its estimate of the cost of repair, ultimately asserting damages of $449,424. Thereafter, defendants moved for partial summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's claims for a collection fee and prejudgment interest, and plaintiff cross-moved for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability. Supreme Court denied defendants' motion and granted plaintiff's cross motion. Defendants now appeal.
Initially, we note that defendants do not dispute their liability for the damage to the bridge and, since the commencement of this appeal, they have remitted the revised repair costs to plaintiff, but without the addition of any prejudgment interest or collection fee. As for Supreme Court's denial of that part of their motion seeking dismissal of plaintiff's claim for the prejudgment interest, defendants argue that plaintiff was not entitled to such interest because it did not suffer any damage until it paid for the permanent repairs to be completed, which did not occur until after defendants remitted the repair costs to plaintiff. We cannot agree.
Prejudgment “[i]nterest shall be recovered upon a sum awarded” by virtue of, among other things, an act that interferes with “title to, or possession or enjoyment of, property” (CPLR 5001[a] ; see Lizden Indus., Inc. v. Franco Belli Plumbing & Heating & Sons, Inc., 95 A.D.3d 738, 739, 945 N.Y.S.2d 86 [2012] ; Urban v. B.R. Guest, Inc., 45 A.D.3d 1418, 1418, 845 N.Y.S.2d 584 [2007] ; BVE Prods., Inc. v. Saar Co., LLC, 40 A.D.3d 349, 349–350, 835 N.Y.S.2d 555 [2007] ). Such interest is calculated “from the earliest ascertainable date the cause of action existed, except that interest upon such damages incurred thereafter shall be computed from the date incurred” (CPLR 5001[b] ; see Brandt Corp. v. Warren Automatic Controls Corp., 37 A.D.2d 563, 563, 322 N.Y.S.2d 291 [1971] ; see also NML Capital v. Republic of Argentina, 17 N.Y.3d 250, 257–258, 928 N.Y.S.2d 666, 952 N.E.2d 482 [2011] ; Revell v. Guido, 124 A.D.3d 1006, 1013, 2 N.Y.S.3d 252 [2015] ; Pallette Stone Corp. v. Guyer Bldrs., 212 A.D.2d 862, 863, 622 N.Y.S.2d 127 [1995] ). The earliest ascertainable date a cause of action for damage to property exists is the time at which the injury occurs (see Pilatich v. Town of New Baltimore, 100 A.D.3d 1248, 1249, 954 N.Y.S.2d 663 [2012] ; Manhattanville Coll. v. James John Romeo Consulting Engr., P.C., 5 A.D.3d 637, 641, 774 N.Y.S.2d 542 [2004] ).
The earliest date plaintiff's cause of action existed was March 23, 2011, as that was the date on which plaintiff sustained damages to its bridge as a result of defendants' negligence, despite the fact that plaintiff waited to expend funds to make permanent repairs until after defendant paid the revised cost estimate (see Gussack Realty Co. v. Xerox Corp., 224 F.3d 85, 93 [2d Cir.2000] ; DeWall v. Owl Homes of Victor, 213 A.D.2d 977, 978, 624 N.Y.S.2d 482 [1995] ; Property Owners Assn. of Harbor Acres v. Ying, 137 A.D.2d 509, 511, 524 N.Y.S.2d 252 [1988] ; see also Seward Park Hous. Corp. v. Greater N.Y. Mut. Ins. Co., 43 A.D.3d 23, 34, 836 N.Y.S.2d 99 [2007] ). Inasmuch as all of the damage to the bridge was sustained on the day of the accident and no further damages were incurred thereafter, the exception to CPLR 5001(b) does not apply (see e.g. NML Capital v. Republic of Argentina, 17 N.Y.3d at 258, 928 N.Y.S.2d 666, 952 N.E.2d 482 ; Barnett v. Schwartz, 47 A.D.3d 197, 208, 848 N.Y.S.2d 663 [2007] ).
We find merit, however, in defendants' contention that Supreme Court erred in denying that part of their motion seeking dismissal of plaintiff's claim for a collection fee pursuant to State Finance Law § 18. That statute authorizes a collection fee, not to exceed 22% of the outstanding debt, “to cover the cost of processing, handling and collecting” the debt where the debtor has failed to remit payment within 90 days of the submission of a billing invoice (State Finance Law § 18[5] ; see Lawyers' Fund for Client Protection of State of N.Y. v. Bank Leumi Trust Co. of N.Y., 94 N.Y.2d 398, 408, 706 N.Y.S.2d 66, 727 N.E.2d 563 [2000] ). The statute defines a “debt” as a “liquidated sum due and owing any state agency,” with the term “liquidated” being defined as “an amount which is fixed or certain or capable of being readily calculated, whether or not the underlying liability or amount of the debt is disputed” (State Finance Law § 18[1][b], [d] ).
The damages claimed by plaintiff in the September 2013 demand letter were based on an estimate by its engineers that involved replacing the entire girder, including undamaged portions, due to the fear that replacing just the damaged portion would result in a destabilization of the bridge. However, plaintiff subsequently referred the case to its design contractor, who recalculated the cost of repair after determining that only the portion of the girder that was damaged needed to be replaced and that destabilization could be avoided by the use of counterweights and temporary supports. Based upon this recalculation, and after the commencement of this action, plaintiff revised its original estimate of the extent of the work necessary to repair the damage to the bridge, but did not reduce the amount of the collection fee sought. Rather, plaintiff argues that it is entitled to a collection fee based upon defendants' failure to remit payment of the original estimate of the cost to repair within 90 days of the September 2013 demand letter.
In our view, plaintiff's original estimate was not a “liquidated sum due and owing” (State Finance Law § 18[1][b] ), as plaintiff's initial assessment of the extent of the repairs drastically changed after the design contractor reviewed it. We do not view this as a mere dispute about “the underlying liability or amount of the debt” (State Finance Law § 18[1][d] ), because the cost of repair was the measure of damages here and the dollar amount of such damages was not “capable of being readily calculated” until plaintiff chose the ultimate method of repair (State Finance Law § 18[1] [d] ). Thus, under the unique facts of this case, we find that Supreme Court erred in failing to grant that part of defendants' motion seeking dismissal of plaintiff's claim for a collection fee.
ORDERED that the order is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's claim for a collection fee; motion granted to that extent; and, as so modified, affirmed.
PETERS, P.J., McCARTHY, GARRY and MULVEY, JJ., concur.