KITCHING

See 1 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Attorneys, § 166 et seq. APPEAL from judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, William Barry, Judge. Affirmed. (Super. Ct. No. TC026549) Kazerouni Law Group, APC and S. Mohammad Reza Kazerouni, Costa Mesa, for Plaintiff and Appellant.

Law Office of Lawrence M. Lebowsky and Lawrence M. Lebowsky, Los Angeles, for Defendant and Respondent.

KITCHING, J.

INTRODUCTION

Plaintiff Michael M. Mojtahedi, the first of two attorneys to represent a pair of clients in a personal injury matter, appeals the trial court's judgment sustaining the demurrer to his second amended complaint without leave to amend. In the underlying matter, Plaintiff represented the clients until Defendant Fernando D. Vargas substituted in as new counsel. Defendant obtained a settlement payment for the clients, which he deposited in his client trust fund account. Plaintiff never brought an action against his former clients to establish the reasonable cost of his attorney fees, and instead unsuccessfully demanded payment of attorney fees from Defendant. Plaintiff subsequently sued Defendant on the theory that he was owed a portion of the settlement checks. The trial court sustained Defendant's demurrer to the second amended complaint because Plaintiff failed to establish the existence, amount, and enforceability of his attorney fees lien in an independent action against the clients. We affirm for the same reasons.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In February 2010, Vincente Ramirez Vera and Josefina Ramirez (collectively, the clients) hired Plaintiff and his firm to represent them in a dispute with a claims adjuster regarding personal injuries sustained in an automobile accident. The clients entered into a written attorney-client fee contract with Plaintiff's law firm, which included a provision allowing the firm to assert a lien against all claims or causes of action that were subject to Plaintiff's representation under the contract. Plaintiff represented the clients for about eight months. Defendant Fernando D. Vargas then contacted Plaintiff, advising him that he was substituting into the case as new counsel for the clients. Shortly thereafter, Plaintiff wrote to the claims adjuster, indicating that he had a lien for attorney's fees on future payments to the clients and requesting that any payment to the clients include Plaintiff as a payee.

Defendant settled the case in August 2011, and deposited the settlement checks into his client trust fund account. Each check was made out to the clients, Plaintiff's law office, and Defendant's law office as payees. When Plaintiff learned of the settlement payment, he sent a log of his time spent on the case and a letter to Defendant demanding $4,407 in attorney's fees to be paid to him from the $14,500 settlement amount. In response, Defendant offered Plaintiff $2,000 for his attorney fees. Plaintiff refused that offer and brought the present suit against Defendant, the claims adjuster, and the two banks that issued and deposited the settlement checks for fraud, violation of Commercial Code sections 3110(d) and 3420, negligence, and tortuous interference with prospective economic advantage. Plaintiff never sued his former clients to establish the amount of his lien or that the lien was enforceable.

Defendant demurred to the second amended complaint on the grounds that Plaintiff did not have an enforceable lien because he never established the lien amount or its enforceability in a separate action against the clients. The trial court sustained Defendant's demurrer without leave to amend, relying on Valenta v. Regents of University of California (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 1465, 1470, 282 Cal.Rptr. 812 (Valenta ), Hansen v. Jacobsen (1986) 186 Cal.App.3d 350, 356, 230 Cal.Rptr. 580 (Hansen ), and Bandy v. Mt. Diablo Unified Sch. Dist. (1976) 56 Cal.App.3d 230, 234, 126 Cal.Rptr. 890 (Bandy ), all of which hold that a previously discharged attorney must file an independent action against his client in order to enforce a contractual attorney fees lien.

DISCUSSION

Plaintiff asserts that the court erred in sustaining the demurrer, arguing that he does not need to file an independent action against his client to enforce the lien and asserting that the trial court's ruling was contrary to case law and public policy. “On appeal from a judgment after a demurrer is sustained without leave to amend, we review the trial court's ruling de novo, exercising our independent judgment on whether the complaint states a cause of action.” (Lincoln Property Co., N.C., Inc. v. Travelers Indemnity Co. (2006) 137 Cal.App.4th 905, 911, 41 Cal.Rptr.3d 39.) We treat the demurrer as admitting all properly pleaded facts and those that are judicially noticeable, but we do not assume the truth of contentions, deductions or conclusions of fact or law. (Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Assn. v. City of La Habra (2001) 25 Cal.4th 809, 814, 107 Cal.Rptr.2d 369, 23 P.3d 601; Breneric Associates v. City of Del Mar (1998) 69 Cal.App.4th 166, 180, 81 Cal.Rptr.2d 324 (Breneric ).) “We give the complaint a reasonable interpretation, reading it as a whole and its parts in their context, to determine whether the complaint states facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.” (Breneric, at p. 180, 81 Cal.Rptr.2d 324.)

1. Plaintiff Must Establish the Existence, Amount, and Enforceability of the Lien in an Independent Action Against His Clients

At issue is whether Plaintiff can enforce an attorney fees lien solely via an action against Defendant, who holds the settlement funds in his client trust account. Without an enforceable lien, Plaintiff cannot prove that he has a right to a portion of the settlement money.

Unlike other liens, “an attorney's lien is not created by the mere fact that an attorney has performed services in a case.” (Carroll v. Interstate Brands Corp. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 1168, 1172, 121 Cal.Rptr.2d 532 (Carroll ).) An attorney's lien is created only by an attorney fee contract with an express provision regarding the lien or by implication in a retainer agreement that provides the attorney will be paid for services rendered from the judgment itself. (Ibid.) It is well established that “[a]fter the client obtains a judgment, the attorney must bring a separate, independent action against the client to establish the existence of the lien, to determine the amount of the lien, and to enforce it.” (Brown v. Superior Court (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th 320, 328, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912 (Brown ) quoting, Carroll v. Interstate Brands Corp., supra, 99 Cal.App.4th at p. 1173, 121 Cal.Rptr.2d 532; accord, Valenta, supra, 231 Cal.App.3d at p. 1470, 282 Cal.Rptr. 812; Hansen, supra, 186 Cal.App.3d at p. 356, 230 Cal.Rptr. 580; Bandy, supra, 56 Cal.App.3d at p. 234, 126 Cal.Rptr. 890; Hendricks, supra, 197 Cal.App.2d at p. 589, 17 Cal.Rptr. 364.)

Here, Plaintiff alleges that he has a contract with terms that would create a lien. Nonetheless, Plaintiff failed to allege facts establishing that he adjudicated the existence, value, or enforceability of his lien. Plaintiff merely asserts that he has a “detailed log stating a lien amount of $4,407.00 based on pre-substitution time and costs expended.” A log of Plaintiff's time, although useful to adjudicate the reasonable value of Plaintiff's services in a separate action against the clients, is insufficient to establish that Plaintiff is entitled to a particular amount of the settlement money in his suit against Defendant. Plaintiff admits that he never brought a separate action against his clients to litigate those issues. Therefore, he has yet to establish the value or validity of his purported lien.

In asserting that he does not need to bring a separate action against the clients, Plaintiff attempts to distinguish his case from Valenta, Hansen, and Bandy. Plaintiff states that unlike those cases, Plaintiff has not filed a lien or a notice of lien in any pending action, Plaintiff's former clients' personal injury matter has been resolved, and Plaintiff's attempt to recover his lien is ripe. All of these differences are insignificant and fail to alter the applicability of the central principle conveyed by Valenta, Hansen, and Bandy: the attorney's lien is only enforceable after the attorney adjudicates the value and validity of the lien in a separate action against his client.

Plaintiff provided the services to the clients, not to Defendant. If successful in a declaratory relief action regarding the reasonable value of his services, Plaintiff's fees will be paid out of the clients' settlement proceeds. (Hendricks, supra, 197 Cal.App.2d at p. 589, 17 Cal.Rptr. 364 [“An attorney's contingent fee contract ... only gives him a lien on his client's recovery.”].) Plaintiff must thus litigate with the clients to determine the reasonable cost of the services he provided to them. Plaintiff has omitted this essential step of establishing his entitlement to a particular portion of the settlement proceeds.

To the extent that Plaintiff distinguishes the present matter from the above-mentioned case law by asserting that there is no actual dispute between him and his clients regarding the amount owed to him, we conclude that even if this is true, it is irrelevant. The Court of Appeal addressed this identical issue in Brown, supra, 116 Cal.App.4th at pages 328–330, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912. There, an attorney sought to establish the priority of his contractual attorney fees lien over the lien of a judgment creditor. (Id. at pp. 323–324, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912.) The Brown Court held that the attorney had to bring an independent action against his client to establish the enforceability and amount of his contractual lien, and could not simply intervene and address that issue in a dispute between the creditor and his client. (Id. at p. 324, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912.) Notably, the attorney seeking to enforce his lien attempted to distinguish his case from prior cases and avoid suing his client by arguing that those cases involved a dispute between the attorney and the client, and in contrast, his case did not. There, the Brown Court stated that “[w]hile it may be true that Carroll and its predecessors involved attorney-client disputes, the rationale of those cases is not limited to such disputes.” (Id. at p. 329, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912.) Without first establishing a right to any portion of his client's settlement proceeds, Plaintiff in this case lacks any basis to assert that Defendant fraudulently withheld any money from him.

Plaintiff further argues that to require an attorney to institute an action against his former clients in order to enforce his lien would “have a chilling effect on attorney-client relationships.” The Court of Appeal also explained why this was incorrect in Brown, supra, 116 Cal.App.4th at page 333, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 912. There, the attorney argued that requiring him to bring a separate action against his client to enforce the lien, when there was no conflict or dispute between him and the client regarding the fees, “would require him to violate the Rules of Professional Conduct and the Business and Professions Code and commit a tort because such an action would be ‘without just cause.’ ” (Ibid.) The Brown Court explained that this was not so: “[b]y requiring [the attorney] to bring a separate action to enforce his lien, we do not mean to suggest that he must sue [his client] for breach of contract.” (Ibid.) The Court stated that given the lack of any controversy between the attorney and client, a declaratory relief action under Code of Civil Procedure section 1060, seeking a declaration of the attorney's rights with respect to his client, was appropriate. (Ibid.)

Likewise, by seeking a declaration regarding the reasonable value of his services rendered, Plaintiff will address the issue without subjecting his former clients to damages. Importantly, this procedure also gives the court an opportunity to evaluate the value and quantity of Plaintiff's services with the relevant parties: Plaintiff and his former clients.

Despite case law requiring Plaintiff to bring a separate declaratory relief action against the clients, Plaintiff has not sought such relief. Plaintiff therefore has failed to establish the existence, amount, and enforceability of his lien on the settlement money.

2.–3.

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed. Defendant Fernando D. Vargas is awarded his costs on appeal. We concur: KLEIN, P.J. ALDRICH, J.