Opinion
November 16, 1992
Motion by the respondent to dismiss the proceeding.
Upon the papers filed in support of the proceeding, the papers filed in opposition thereto, and the papers filed in support of the motion and in opposition thereto, it is
Adjudged that the petition is denied, and the proceeding is dismissed, without costs or disbursements; and it is further,
Ordered that the motion is denied as academic.
In this proceeding the District Attorney of Queens County seeks review of a determination, made in a pending criminal action, denying an application to close the courtroom during the testimony of an undercover police officer.
"Because of its extraordinary nature, prohibition is available only where there is a clear legal right, and then only when a court — in cases where judicial authority is challenged — acts or threatens to act either without jurisdiction or in excess of its authorized powers" (Matter of Holtzman v Goldman, 71 N.Y.2d 564, 569; Matter of Crain Communications v Hughes, 74 N.Y.2d 626, 627-628). Prohibition is never available merely to correct or prevent trial errors of substantive law or procedure, however grievous (Matter of Rush v Mordue, 68 N.Y.2d 348, 353; La Rocca v Lane, 37 N.Y.2d 575, 579). Nor is it available merely because there does not exist an adequate remedy at law, such as review by way of appeal (Matter of State of New York v King, 36 N.Y.2d 59, 63). In the instant case, the petitioner failed to demonstrate that the respondent Justice was without authority to deny the application for closure of the courtroom, and therefore failed to demonstrate a clear legal right to the remedy of prohibition.
Similarly, the extraordinary remedy of mandamus will lie only to compel the performance of a ministerial act, and only when there exists a clear legal right to the relief sought (see, Matter of Legal Aid Socy. v Scheinman, 53 N.Y.2d 12, 16). Insofar as the closure of a courtroom during a public criminal trial is clearly a discretionary act (see, People v Hinton, 31 N.Y.2d 71), the remedy of mandamus does not lie. Sullivan, J.P., Balletta, Rosenblatt and Pizzuto, JJ., concur.