Summary
In Lewis, the wife accepted alimony while appeals were pending. The husband appealed, contending that the alimony award was too high, the wife cross-appealed, contending the alimony award should be increased, and the husband moved to dismiss the wife's appeal under the acquiescence rule.
Summary of this case from Dietz v. DietzOpinion
[No. 173, September Term, 1958.]
Decided March 17, 1959.
ALIMONY — Appeal Does Not Stay Operation Of Order For Payment Of — Chancellor Has Jurisdiction To Modify Award, Despite Appeal. The entry of an appeal from a final decree does not stay the operation of an order for the payment of alimony. A wife is entitled to the continuance of alimony during pendency of an appeal and until its final disposition. The chancellor has jurisdiction to consider modification of the award, despite an appeal. In the instant suit, the chancellor, after appeal, declined to modify his order for permanent alimony and reinstate a previous order for alimony pendente lite, which was for a lesser amount. Two years had elapsed after the passage of the previous order. It was held that he did not abuse his discretion in declining to modify the order for permanent alimony and that the award was not excessive and beyond the divorced wife's needs. The amount was $500 per month. At the time the award was made, which governs, the husband, a lawyer with a New York law firm, was earning $48,000 a year. The wife then earned $5,500 a year as a secretary. The disallowance of an award of $1000 per month was held not to be an abuse of the chancellor's discretion. pp. 316, 318-319
ALIMONY — Divorced Wife, By Accepting Permanent Alimony Awarded, Not Barred From Appealing Award. A wife who has been awarded a divorce and permanent alimony is not barred from appealing to contest the amount of the alimony awarded, where the benefits accruing to the wife, by reason of the award, provide necessary support until the final adjudication of the case. pp. 316-317
DIVORCE — Finding That Separation Was Not Voluntary But Desertion On Husband's Part, Sustained. In the instant divorce case, a finding by the chancellor that separation was not voluntary but a desertion on the husband's part was sustained. His findings that there was no corroborating evidence to show that the separation was voluntary, that the wife was justified in moving into another bedroom and, therefore, was not guilty of constructive desertion, and that he made no efforts towards reconciliation were sustained. pp. 317-318
Decided March 17, 1959.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County (REEVES, J.).
Bill for divorce a vinculo on ground of voluntary separation by James B. Lewis against Ruth B. Lewis. Cross-bill for divorce a mensa on the ground of desertion by the latter against the former. From a decree dismissing the original bill and granting to the wife a divorce a mensa, permanent alimony and counsel fee, husband appealed. The wife filed a cross-appeal, contending that the alimony allowance should have been $1000 a month instead of $500 a month.
Decree affirmed, costs to be paid by the appellant.
The cause was argued before HENDERSON, HAMMOND, PRESCOTT and HORNEY, JJ., and DIGGES, Associate Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, specially assigned.
E.W. Mollohan, Jr., with whom was Arthur C. Elgin on the brief, for James B. Lewis, appellant and cross-appellee.
Jackson Brodsky, with whom was Milford F. Schwartz on the brief, for Ruth B. Lewis, appellee and cross-appellant.
On March 7, 1956, a husband sued for divorce a vinculo on the ground of voluntary separation in December, 1952. The wife answered, denying that the separation was voluntary, alleging that the husband deserted her on the date mentioned, and praying alimony. On May 15, 1956, the Chancellor passed an order awarding alimony pendente lite of $250 per month. On January 28, 1958, the wife filed a cross-bill for divorce a mensa on the ground of desertion, praying alimony. After hearing, the Chancellor on July 25, 1958, dismissed the original bill, granted the wife a divorce a mensa, and ordered payment of permanent alimony in the amount of $500 per month, and a counsel fee of $1,000. The husband appealed on August 22, 1958, and the wife filed a cross-appeal on August 25, 1958, contending that the Chancellor should have allowed alimony of $1,000 per month.
Subsequently, upon a show cause order to compel payment of the alimony order, the appellant petitioned the court to modify the order for permanent alimony pending the appeal and to reinstate the order for alimony pendente lite in the lesser amount. The Chancellor declined to do so, but there was no appeal from that order. The appellant contends that the court erred in so ruling. If we assume, without deciding, that the point is properly before us, we find no error. It would seem that the previous order for alimony pendente lite, passed more than two years before the final order, was superseded by the final decree. Cf. Rethorst v. Rethorst, 214 Md. 1, 15. The Chancellor properly made a redetermination of the amount necessary for the wife's needs, in the light of the financial status of the parties at the time of the final decree. It is well settled that the entry of an appeal from a final decree does not stay the operation of an order for the payment of alimony. Berman v. Berman, 191 Md. 699, 706; Daiger v. Daiger, 154 Md. 501, 508. A wife is entitled to the continuance of alimony during the pendency of an appeal to this Court and until its final disposition. The Chancellor has jurisdiction to consider modification of the award, despite an appeal. Hornstein v. Hornstein, 195 Md. 627, 638; Dougherty v. Dougherty, 187 Md. 21, 33. Ordinarily, that would only be appropriate where there is a change in financial status. Hughes v. Hughes, 216 Md. 374, 377. We find no abuse of discretion in his failure to modify the award.
The appellant filed in this Court a motion to dismiss the cross-appeal on the ground that the wife is barred by estoppel or waiver from claiming an amount larger than that awarded, because she accepted the payments ordered. We reserved ruling on the motion. We assumed in Brennecke v. Brennecke, 213 Md. 447, that a cross-appeal would lie challenging the sufficiency of a counsel fee, although the point was not raised. Some support for the contention is found in Silverberg v. Silverberg, 148 Md. 682, 689. But we are unwilling to follow the reasoning of that case that the appeal involved splitting the decree and attempting both to accept and reject its terms. The cross-appellant could not contest that portion of the decree that was in her favor. Cf. Riley v. Naylor, 179 Md. 1, 8; Inter-City Co. v. Balto. County, 218 Md. 80, 85. Moreover, in the Silverberg case the decree set aside a deed from the husband to third parties and granted benefits to the wife over and above an award of alimony.
There is a split of authority on the point in the cases in other States. Some of them are distinguishable on the facts and involved property settlements and releases by the wife. In Harris v. Harris, 89 F.2d 829 (D.C.), the court held that the wife was barred, but stated that she would have been entitled to a new award of alimony pendente lite, pending appeal. We find no support for such a distinction in the Maryland cases. Cf. Nicodemus v. Nicodemus, 186 Md. 659, 668, (modified as to the power to stay by Berman v. Berman, supra). The Chancellor in the instant case made a redetermination as to the amount necessary for the wife's support pending the appeal as well as thereafter. The rule is stated in general terms in Moorman v. Moorman, 129 N.W. 13 (Mich.), in 2 Am. Jur., Appeal and Error, § 219, and in 27 C.J.S., Divorce, § 284, note 13, but it has been repudiated or greatly restricted in other cases. See Meyer v. Meyer, 77 N.W.2d 559 (S.D.); Hundley v. Hundley, 291 S.W.2d 544 (Ky.); McWilliams v. McWilliams, 112 So. 318, 322 (Ala.); note, 169 A.L.R. 985, 999; Nelson, Divorce Annulment (2d ed.), § 30.03.
We have had occasion to consider the same problem in Workmen's Compensation cases. See Bethlehem Steel Co. v. Mayo, 168 Md. 410; Petillo v. Stein, 184 Md. 644, 649; cf. Smith v. Revere Copper Brass, 196 Md. 160, 166. It was stated in the Mayo case that, if applicable at all, the rule would not apply where the right to the benefit received was not contested by appeal of the opposite party. In the Petillo case it was held inapplicable where both parties appealed. Chief Judge Marbury, for the Court, noted that the cases cannot be reconciled on the theory of estoppel or waiver, and seem to be based on a supposed requirement of election of remedies. It was further noted that it is generally held that the doctrine is a severe one and should not be extended. We hold that, if applicable at all in a divorce case, the bar cannot be raised where the benefits accruing to the wife, by reason of the award, provide necessary support until the final adjudication of the case. The motion to dismiss the cross-appeal is denied.
Upon the merits of the case, we think the Chancellor was not clearly wrong in finding that the husband's departure was not in fact a voluntary separation, but was a desertion on his part. The parties were married in 1943, and there were no children of the marriage. In 1950, they purchased and moved into a house in Chevy Chase. Marital difficulties came to a head in September, 1951, and in the course of a conversation he admitted that he was "attracted to" or "enamoured of" another woman. The wife testified, he denied, that he told her he had had sexual relations with this woman and wanted to marry her. She moved to a separate bedroom, and both parties admit that sexual relations were discontinued. The husband moved out of the house in December, 1952. She testified, he denied, that she told her husband he could come back, if he gave up living with the other woman. He made no efforts towards reconciliation. The Chancellor found that the husband had not sustained the burden of proving that the separation was voluntary, and had not produced any corroborating evidence. He found that the wife was justified in moving into another room under the circumstances, and was not guilty of constructive desertion. Support for these legal conclusions is to be found in the cases of Moran v. Moran, 219 Md. 399; Matysek v. Matysek, 212 Md. 44; Misner v. Misner, 211 Md. 398; Mower v. Mower, 209 Md. 413; Zimmerman v. Zimmerman, 199 Md. 176; and Timanus v. Timanus, 177 Md. 686. It is clear that when he left the home he had made up his mind never to return.
On the question of alimony and counsel fees, the record shows that the husband, a lawyer, was employed until April, 1953, by the Internal Revenue Service, in Washington, at a salary of about $10,000 a year. Thereafter, he joined a New York law firm, and his earnings steadily increased. In 1957, his gross earnings were about $48,000. The wife had worked as a secretary prior to her marriage, and resumed her employment in 1952. In 1957 her gross earnings were about $5,500 a year. She has been occupying the marital home, which is owned as tenants by the entireties. The appellant contends that the allowance of $500 a month alimony is excessive and beyond her needs. We do not agree. The argument seems to be that the Chancellor should have allowed alimony on the basis of the husband's earnings at the time of the separation, but no authority is cited for the proposition, and the practice has been to award alimony on the basis of the situation at the time of trial. See Lopez v. Lopez, 206 Md. 509, 520, and Rosenthal v. Rosenthal, 202 Md. 375, 382. It is always subject to revision in the light of changed circumstances. We find no basis, in fact or in law, for the contention that the alimony was excessive because the wife discouraged or disapproved the husband's plans to enter private practice prior to the separation. On the other hand, we think the Chancellor did not abuse his discretion in disallowing the wife's claim for alimony at the rate of $1,000 per month.
Decree affirmed, costs to be paid by the appellant.