Opinion
NO. 01-12-00909-CV
06-25-2013
DAVID LANCASTER, Appellant v. BARBARA LANCASTER, Appellee
On Appeal from the 280th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 1245815
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, David Lancaster, challenges the trial court's issuance of a protective order prohibiting him from possessing a firearm and communicating with, engaging in harassing or abusive conduct toward, committing family violence against, and going near the residence or place of employment of appellee, Barbara Lancaster. In one issue, David contends that the statute which required the issuance of the protective order in this case violates his constitutional rights to due process and to confront witnesses.
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 85.002 (Vernon 2008).
See U.S. CONST. amends. VI, XIV; TEX. CONST. art. 1, § 19. In his summary of issues presented, David asserts that section 85.002 violates his rights as "set forth in Article 1, Section 19 of the Texas Constitution and of the 5th and 6th Amendments to the United States Constitution." However, in the remainder of his brief, David asserts that his due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution were violated. To the extent that David is attempting to raise a separate complaint under the Fifth Amendment, it is waived due to inadequate briefing. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1.
We affirm.
Background
Barbara and David Lancaster were married for twenty-four years and had two children. On September 9, 2009, Barbara obtained a protective order prohibiting David from committing family violence against her and communicating directly with her for a period of two years. On July 25, 2012, David pleaded guilty to two separate offenses of violating the protective order.
On August 12, 2012, Barbara filed an application for a second protective order. The trial court conducted a hearing, and Barbara testified about the issuance of the first protective order and David's two convictions for violations of the first protective order. David's trial counsel cross-examined Barbara and rested without presenting any witnesses.
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 85.002.
Waiver
In his sole issue, David argues that Texas Family Code section 85.002 is unconstitutional because it requires a court to issue a protective order based only on the evidence of a prior protective order and subsequent conviction of violations of the protective order.See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 85.006 (Vernon 2008). Additionally, David asserts that he did not receive adequate notice of the allegations against him.
David asserts that the protective order issued against him is a final, appealable order over which this Court has jurisdiction, and the State does not dispute his assertion. This Court, among the majority of others considering the issue, has previously concluded that a protective order is akin to a permanent injunction, and is, therefore, appealable if it disposes of all parties and issues. See Vongontard v. Tippit, 137 S.W.3d 109, 110 (Tex. App. —Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, no pet.); Ulmer v. Ulmer, 130 S.W.3d 294 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.); B.C. v. Rhodes, 116 S.W.3d 878, 882 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.); Kelt v. Kelt, 67 S.W.3d 364, 366 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, no pet.); Cooke v. Cooke, 65 S.W.3d 785, 787-88 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no pet.); Striedel v. Striedel, 15 S.W.3d 163, 164-65 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.); In re Cummings, 13 S.W.3d 472, 475 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.); Winsett v. Edgar, 22 S.W.3d 509, 510 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1999, no pet.); James v. Hubbard, 985 S.W.2d 516, 518 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.). Thus, we conclude that we have jurisdiction to address David's issue.
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As a prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that "the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion." See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1); Mansions in the Forest, L.P. v. Montgomery Cnty., 365 S.W.3d 314, 317 (Tex. 2012). This rule also applies to constitutional claims. See In re L.M.I., 119 S.W.3d 707, 711 (Tex. 2003) (noting that the Texas Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court have both held that even constitutional claims must be raised before the trial court to preserve error); Valdez v. Valdez, 930 S.W.2d 725, 728 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, no writ).
Here, David, in the trial court, did not challenge the constitutionality of section 85.002 during the hearing or in a motion for new trial. And he does not assert that his constitutional complaint may be raised for the first time on appeal. Accordingly, we hold that he has waived the issue for our review. To the extent that David is complaining that he was not permitted to present specific evidence and ask specific questions of witnesses, this complaint is also waived because he failed to preserve the issue with an offer of proof or formal bill of exception. See TEX. R. EVID. 103(a)(2); Lone Starr Multi-Theatres, Ltd. v. Max Interests, Ltd., 365 S.W.3d 688, 703 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.). An offer of proof, the primary purpose of which is to enable the reviewing court to determine if the exclusion was erroneous, must be specific enough that the reviewing court can determine admissibility. 365 S.W.3d at 703. A formal bill of exception would also preserve a complaint concerning excluded evidence. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.2. "To complain on appeal about a matter that would not otherwise appear in the record," an appellant is required to make a formal bill of exception within thirty days of filing the notice of appeal and must include the precise evidence the party desires admitted. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.2(e)(1); In re Estate of Miller, 243 S.W.3d 831, 837 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). Rule 33.2(c) sets forth specific written and procedural requirements for a formal bill of exception. A formal bill of exception must be approved by the trial court, and, if the parties agree to its contents, the trial court must sign the bill and file it with the court clerk. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.2(c)(1)-(2). If the parties or the trial court do not agree with the contents of the bill, the rules provide a procedure for presenting the bill. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 33.2(c)(2)(A)-(C).
We overrule David's sole issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the order of the trial court.
Terry Jennings
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Brown, and Huddle.