DENIO, J.

The parts of the charter of the city of Syracuse which are supposed to bear upon this case are the sections declaring that the common council shall be authorized to raise once in each year not exceeding fifty-three thousand dollars, to defray all expenses of the city, including all debts due from it ( Laws of 1854, 78, tit. 12, § 1), and that which makes it a penal offence for an alderman to vote for any appropriation or the payment or expenditure of any money not authorized by or in violation of any provision of the charter, and which moreover provides that if the common council shall contract any debt after the first Tuesday in March in any year, and before the first Tuesday of March in the succeeding year, which shall remain unpaid for one month after the expiration of the year in which it is contracted, for want of funds in the treasury to pay it; or if it shall authorize any expenditure for any purpose in such year exceeding the amount which they are authorized to raise for such purpose, the aldermen voting to contract such debt shall be individually liable to the creditor, and the city shall not be liable, and the common council shall not audit or pay it. ( tit. 11, § 6.)

It is argued by the counsel for the city that it is an eyasion of these provisions for the common council to contract for work to be done after the close of the year in which the contract is made, and for which payments will be required which will be a charge upon the revenue of the next or any succeeding year. It does not appear what the aggregate amount of compensation to the contractors for the full performance of this contract would have been, but it is not pretended that it would have been equal to the whole annual revenue of the city, and probably it is only a small fraction of that amount. Then we must not assume that the common council which authorized the contract acted fraudulently with a view to evade the law. If there could have been any public and honest motive for entering into a contract in advance of the year during which it was to be performed, we are to intend that the common council acted upon such a motive; and it is easy to see that views of economy may have dictated the propriety of giving the contractor several months to bargain for and collect the materials for the work. Such a contract as this would not necessarily increase the expenses of the city for 1856 beyond the amount allowed by law. It was the duty of the common council of the year, on coming into office, to ascertain the charges upon the revenue for that year, arising out of the prior municipal legislation, and to act with reference to such charges in the other expenditures and engagements for the public service. In this way there would be no tendency in the contract in question to bring about an excess of taxation, or of expenditure for the year 1856.

The object of the sixth section of title eleven, besides providing a penalty in terrorem for a violation of law on the part of the members of the common council, is to prevent the possibility of an increase of the city debt. If the common council contract a debt which shall not be paid within the year, or within one month after its expiration, on account of a deficiency of revenue, it is not to be a public charge, but the private debt of the individual aldermen. But the compensation to this contractor was not a debt within the sense of this provision, until the service was performed and the contractor was entitled to be paid. It was, no doubt, an obligation, in some sense, from the time the contract was entered into, but it was not a debt in the popular sense, and certainly not one to which the correlative term payment could with propriety be applied, and it is such debts only which the provision speaks of. But it is further declared that if the corporation "shall authorize any expenditure for any purpose in such year," beyond the amount of the annual tax levy, it shall constitute a private debt of the aldermen and not of the city. In my opinion, the expression, in such year, qualifies the word expenditure and not the word authorize. In other words, the council must not authorize any expenditure to be made within the year exceeding the limit; but they are not forbidden to authorize in that year an expenditure to be made in a subsequent year, for services to be performed in such subsequent year. There would be no sense in contracting the amount of expenditure within the amount of revenue, unless the two sums were to meet and be adjusted in the same fiscal year.

I think the judgment of the Supreme Court was right, and that it should be affirmed.

All the judges concurring,

Judgment affirmed.