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finding that neither the filed rate doctrine nor the McCarran-Ferguson Act erect jurisdictional bars and distinguishing, on other grounds, Dana Corp. v. Blue Cross Blue Shield Mutual of Northern Ohio , 900 F.2d 882, 888 (6th Cir. 1990) (affirming denial of 12(b) motion for lack of jurisdiction) as not having a McCarran-Ferguson issue and merely turning on questions related to Ohio administrative process while vaguely mentioning the Act
Summary of this case from In re Title Insurance Anti-Trust CasesOpinion
No. Civ.A. MDL 1371.
June 13, 2001.
Bob F. Wright, Domengeaux, Wright, Roy Edwards, Lafayette, LA, Donald Burnham Ensenat, Locke, Liddell Sapp, LLP, New Orleans, LA, for John Bratcher, plaintiff.
Stephen H. Kupperman, Stone, Pigman, Walther, Wittmann Hutchinson, LLP, New Orleans, LA, Joel S. Feldman, Sachnoff Weaver, Chicago, IL, for Monumental Life Insurance Company, defendant.
Stephen H. Kupperman, Stone, Pigman, Walther, Wittmann Hutchinson, LLP, New Orleans, LA, Joel S. Feldman, Sachnoff Weaver, Chicago, IL,, Andrew J. Mytelka, Greer, Herz Adams, Galveston, TX, for American National Life Insurance Company, defendant.
R. Patrick Vance, Jones, Walker, Waechter, Poitevent, Carrere Denegre, New Orleans, LA, Stephen H. Kupperman, Stone, Pigman, Walther, Wittmann Hutchinson, LLP, New Orleans, LA, Joel S. Feldman, Sachnoff Weaver, Chicago, IL, William B. Hill, Jr., Paul Hastings Janofsky Walker, Atlanta, GA, for Life Insurance Company of Georgia, defendant.
Harold C. Hirshman, Sonnenschein, Nath Rosenthal, Chicago, IL, for Unitrin Inc., defendant.
William Joseph Hamlin, Bordelon, Hamlin Theriot, New Orleans, LA, for Security Industrial Life Insurance Company, defendant.
Raymond Joseph Salassi, Jr., Jones, Walker, Waechter, Poitevent, Carrere Denegre, New Orleans, LA, for Western and Southern Life Insurance Company, defendant.
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court is defendant American National's Motion to Challenge Jurisdiction. For the reasons that follow, the motion is DENIED without prejudice as being premature.
Background
In this MDL proceeding, the plaintiffs assert that for decades the defendant, American National Insurance Company has discriminated against blacks and other minorities in the sale and administration of low-value life insurance policies. They assert that the company sold minorities inferior policies for higher premiums than they sold to white customers. Plaintiffs add that the defendants also refused to sell minorities the same economically superior policies that they sold to white customers and that they imposed limitations on the policy face amounts and policy features available to the minorities. The plaintiffs make claims for racial discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 and 1982 and under state laws. American National challenges whether the Court has jurisdiction over these consolidated cases.
Law and Application I. Propriety of Defendant's Motion Challenging Jurisdiction
The Court must first determine whether this motion is properly before the Court. Paragraph XI of Case Management Order No. 1 mandates that all motions and orders that were filed or entered before these consolidated proceedings were transferred are stayed until class certification and jurisdiction issues are determined. The only motions that the Court will hear at this stage must focus on class issues or jurisdiction. The defendant casts this motion in jurisdiction terms. Plaintiffs assert that this motion is merely a motion to dismiss in disguise because the issues raised by the defendant — the filedrate doctrine and the McCarran-Ferguson Act — are not jurisdictional issues. They are defensive bars.
The filed-rate doctrine prevents a customer from challenging a rate charged by a regulated entity when the rate was properly filed with and approved by a regulatory agency. The McCarran-Ferguson Act allows the states to regulate and tax the business of insurance without interference from federal statutes that might impose broad-sweeping barriers.
American National asserts that it's motion is proper under Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of jurisdiction because the issues raised in the motion impact the Court's subject matter jurisdiction. It maintains that the filed-rate doctrine is entirely jurisdictional in nature because courts do not have jurisdiction to consider claims which are subject to the doctrine. It also asserts that the McCarran-Ferguson Act is jurisdictional because it preempts the basis for subject matter jurisdiction in federal courts. The Court does not agree.
In Korte v. Allstate Ins., 48 F. Supp.2d 647 (E.D.Tex. 1999) a case invoked by both sides, the district court analyzed a similar motion challenging jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(6) rather than Rule 12(b)(1) because the filed-rate doctrine, the district court said, operated as a defensive bar to any recovery by the plaintiff. In a well-reasoned decision, the court decided the filedrate doctrine is not a jurisdictional issue, it is a merits issue. Earlier, in U.S. v. Cavin, 39 F.3d 1299 (5th Cir. 1994), the Court of Appeals wrote, in a criminal case, that the "McCarran-Ferguson [Act] does not erect a jurisdictional bar." Id. at 1305. (citing Dexter v. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 527 F.2d 233 (2d Cir. 1975)); see also U.S. v. Blumeyer, 114 F.3d 758 (8th Cir. 1997) (McCarran-Ferguson objection is not jurisdictional). Therefore, although the issues raised could become serious merits issues, American National's motion is not properly before the Court. The motion is DENIED without prejudice as premature under paragraph XI of Case Management Order No. 1. Rule 12(b)(6) and Rule 56 motions will come in time.
American National points to Dana Corp. v. Blue Cross Blue Shield Mutual of Northern Ohio, 900 F.2d 882, 888 (6th Cir. 1990) and Murff v. Profissional Medical Ins. Co., 97 F.3d 289, 290 (8th Cir. 1996). It argues that these cases decided that application of the McCarran-Ferguson Act is a jurisdictional issue. The Court is persuaded that, although elusive, the Fifth Circuit decision in Cavin, 39 F.3d 1299, represents the view of the Circuit, and is the better reasoned view in this Court's opinion. See also U.S. v. Robertson, 158 F.3d 1370, 1371 (9th Cir. 1998); U.S. v. Blumeyer, 114 F.3d 758, 768 (8th Cir. 1997); Dexter v. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 527 F.2d 233, 236-37 (2d Cir. 1975); Ambrose v. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Virginia, Inc., 891 F. Supp. 1153, 1154 (E.D.Va. 1995). Neither Dana Corp. nor Murff reached the McCarran-Ferguson issue. Dana Corp. merely turned on questions related to Ohio administrative process (while vaguely mentioning the Act), and Murff simply remanded to the district court to determine whether the case should have been stayed, not dismissed. (In fact, a year after Murff, the Eighth Circuit spoke directly to the issue in Blumeyer.)