OPINION

Opinion by Justice VELA.[fn1] [fn1] See Tex.R.App. P. 47.4 (distinguishing opinions and memorandum opinions); Tex.R.App. P. 52.8(d) ("When granting relief, the court must hand down an opinion as in any other case.").

Through this original proceeding, relator, Hochheim Prairie Farm Mutual Insurance Association ("Hochheim"), challenges an order denying severance of claims against it. As stated herein, we conditionally grant the writ of mandamus.

I. BACKGROUND

Hochheim provided insurance coverage under three separate policies to Maricela Pena Cantu, Rene R. Cavazos, and Jaime and Sandra Galpern, the real parties in interest, for their three separate dwellings and personal property. Real parties sustained damage to their homes as a result of windstorm, hail storm, and/or water during Hurricane Dolly. They each submitted claims to Hochheim for property damage to their respective dwellings. Alleging that their claims were mishandled and underpaid, real parties brought suit against Hochheim for breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, violations of the deceptive trade practices act, and violations of the Texas Insurance Code.

Hochheim moved to sever the case into three separate proceedings so that the real parties' claims "arising from the damage to three residential dwellings may be independently evaluated, pursued, and defended efficiently." Hochheim included affidavit testimony from Mark Kimball, its litigation manager, who averred that: the real parties were insured under three separate insurance policies for their three separate residential dwellings; each policy insured a different individual and a different dwelling at different locations; Hochheim received notice of the claims of each of the real parties related to Hurricane Dolly independently; Hochheim independently acknowledged, investigated, and paid the real parties' claims; and Hochheim did not base its decision for any of the real parties' claims on the claims of any of the other real parties. Hochheim argued that the homeowners' claims were independent of each other and not related in any way:

In fact, given that a jury could conceivably find that Hochheim did not breach its policy with one plaintiff but did breach its policy with another plaintiff, trying the plaintiffs' claims together in one action could result in the rendition of an improper verdict due to the highly prejudicial effect in the event of a finding that Hochheim violated a duty to but one of the multiple plaintiffs.

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Furthermore, the issues of comparative negligence of the homeowners and whether the individual homeowners complied with the policy terms and conditions and the unique facts relating to liability, damage and Hochheim's defenses will be separate for each home.

Hochheim contended that severance would "do justice," avoid confusion and prejudice, and be more convenient and efficient.

By written response, the real parties contended that the joinder of their claims was appropriate under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 40 because their claims "are interwoven and involve the same facts and issues." Specifically, the real parties argued that their homes suffered roof damages and similar interior water damages and that their claims were mishandled and intentionally underpaid by the same adjuster. They argued that the claims should be tried together in a single lawsuit "in order to demonstrate to the jury a pattern of practice, business relationships between Defendants, and a common purpose between Defendants to underpay and/or delay payments to Plaintiffs." The real parties further contended that maintaining the suit in one proceeding would be more cost-effective and efficient.

By written order on May 21, 2009, the trial court denied Hochheim's motion to sever. This original proceeding ensued. The Court requested, but failed to receive, a response from the real parties in interest.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Mandamus is an "extraordinary" remedy. In re Sw. Bell Tel. Co., L.P., 235 S.W.3d 619, 623 (Tex. 2007) (orig. proceeding); see In re Team Rocket, L.P., 256 S.W.3d 257, 259 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding). In order to obtain mandamus relief, the relator must show that the trial court clearly abused its discretion and that the relator has no adequate remedy by appeal. In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 148 S.W.3d 124, 135-36 (Tex. 2004) (citing Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding)); see In re McAllen Med. Ctr., Inc., 275 S.W.3d 458, 462 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding). Stated otherwise, mandamus may be available upon a showing that (1) the trial court clearly abused its discretion by failing to correctly apply the law, and (2) the benefits and detriments of mandamus render appeal inadequate. See In re Schmitz, 285 S.W.3d 451, 458 (Tex. 2009) (orig. proceeding).

To satisfy the clear abuse of discretion standard, the relator must show that the trial court could "reasonably have reached only one decision." Liberty Nat'l Fire Ins. Co. v. Akin, 927 S.W.2d 627, 630 (Tex. 1996) (quoting Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 840). Whether a clear abuse of discretion can be adequately remedied by appeal depends on a careful analysis of the costs and benefits of interlocutory review. In re McAllen Med. Ctr., Inc., 275 S.W.3d at 462. "An appellate remedy is `adequate' when any benefits to mandamus review are outweighed by the detriments." In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 148 S.W.3d at 136.

Appeal may be an inadequate remedy when a trial court's failure to sever constitutes an abuse of discretion. In re Allstate Ins. Co., 232 S.W.3d 340, 342 (Tex.App.-Tyler 2007, orig. proceeding); see In re Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 148 S.W.3d 124, 136 (Tex. 2004) (orig. proceeding); In re Allstate Tex. Lloyds, 202 S.W.3d 896 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2006, orig. proceeding). In this case, Hochheim claims that it lacks an adequate remedy by appeal because if the case is tried without severance, "there will be no way to untangle how or whether prejudice and confusion infected the jury's deliberations." We agree with Hochheim. See, e.g., In re Union Carbide Corp., 273 S.W.3d 152, 156 (Tex. 2008) (conditionally granting mandamus relief where the trial court abused its discretion by failing to rule on relator's motion to strike before severing intervenors' claims where decedent's survivors attempted to intervene in another plaintiff's personal injury lawsuit against the manufacturers of toxic chemicals).

III. SEVERANCE

Severance is governed by rule of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure See Tex.R. Civ. P. 41. Rule 41 provides, in part, that "[a]ctions which have been improperly joined may be severed . . . on such terms as are just. Any claim against a party may be severed and proceeded with separately." See id. Claims are properly severable if: (1) the controversy involves more than one cause of action; (2) the severed claim is one that would be the proper subject of a lawsuit if independently asserted; and (3) the severed claim is not so interwoven with the remaining action that it involves the same facts and issues. Guar. Fed. Sav. Bank v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793 S.W.2d 652, 658 (Tex. 1990). The controlling reasons for a severance are to do justice, avoid prejudice, and promote convenience. F.F.P. Operating Partners, L.P. v. Duenez, 237 S.W.3d 680, 693 (Tex. 2007).

The trial court has "broad" discretion in the severance of causes of action. Morgan v. Compugraphic Corp., 675 S.W.2d 729, 734 (Tex. 1984); Black v Smith, 956 S.W.2d 72, 75 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, orig. proceeding). However, that discretion is not unlimited. See In re Gen. Agents Ins. Co. of Am., Inc., 254 S.W.3d 670, 673-74 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, orig. proceeding). The trial court has a duty to order severance when "all of the facts and circumstances of the case unquestionably require a separate trial to prevent manifest injustice, and there is no fact or circumstance supporting or tending to support a contrary conclusion, and the legal rights of the parties will not be prejudiced thereby." Womack v. Berry, 156 Tex. 44, 291 S.W.2d 677, 682-83 (1956) (orig. proceeding).

IV. ANALYSIS

The claims regarding the three policies herein are properly severable because (1) the controversy involves more than one cause of action; (2) each of the claims regarding the three policies is one that would be the proper subject of a lawsuit if independently asserted; and (3) none of the policy claims are so interwoven with the others that they involve the same facts and issues. See Guar. Fed. Sav. Bank, 793 S.W.2d at 658. Although the three claims will concern similar issues of law and some similar facts, the three claims stem from three distinct factual scenarios. Accordingly, we agree with relator that the judicial economy and convenience that may be gained by trying these three claims together is outweighed by the dangers of prejudice and confusion on the part of the jury. See Duenez, 237 S.W.3d at 693. Although the property damage in each of the three claims was caused by the same weather event, and although each of the claims was handled by the same adjuster, other issues for each claim must be resolved on their own merits. Specifically, the underlying factual situations for each of the three claims is unique and should therefore be handled separately, including whether each claim was covered under the insurance policies at issue; the amount of damage sustained in each claim; and whether Hochheim complied with its policy and concomitant legal obligations in the investigation and handling of each claim.

The real parties contend that the cases should be tried together for the sake of efficiency and for the purpose of showing a common design or purpose in Hochheim's mishandling or underpaying their claims. However, we consider the alleged conduct and acts directed to each real party separately to determine whether their claims arise out of the same series of transactions or occurrences; in other words, even if relator's actions and conduct were similar on each occasion or the alleged intention is a factor to consider, relator is still entitled to be tried for the specific wrongful acts alleged by each real party. Dal-Briar Corp. v. Baskette, 833 S.W.2d 612, 616 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1992, no writ). Moreover, even if the real parties' claims were based upon a common intention or design, any such common intention or design "does not outweigh the potential that prejudice and jury confusion will result from a single trial" of the multiple claims. In re Levi Strauss Co., 959 S.W.2d 700, 703-04 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1998, no writ). Even if the evidence in each of the three claims is identical, relator is entitled to be tried for the specific wrongful acts alleged by each claimant.

V. CONCLUSION

We conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to grant relator's motion for severance. Accordingly, we conditionally grant the writ of mandamus and direct the trial court to vacate its May 21, 2009 order denying severance and enter an order granting the motion. We are confident that the trial court will comply with the order of this court. The writ of mandamus will issue only if the trial court fails to comply.