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observing that there is no judgment in a case of deferred adjudication because there is no conviction, and no punishment is assessed either
Summary of this case from Vandyke v. StateOpinion
No. 03-97-00779-CR.
February 26, 1998.
Appeal from the 27th Judicial District, No. 47,310, Martha J. Trudo, J.
Lynn Lorin Libersky, Corbin and Associates, P.C., Belton, for Appellant.
Arthur Cappy Eads, District Attorney, James T. Russell, Administrative Assistant, Belton, for Appellee.
Before POWERS, KIDD and B.A. SMITH, JJ.
Clarence Leroy Hammack pleaded guilty to an indictment accusing him of misapplication of fiduciary property. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.45(b) (West 1994). The district court found that the evidence substantiated Hammack's guilt, deferred further proceedings, and placed him on community supervision. Hammack appeals from this order. See Dillehey v. State, 815 S.W.2d 623, 626 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.01(j) (West Supp. 1998).
The State moves to dismiss the appeal, arguing that this Court is without jurisdiction because Hammack did not timely perfect the appeal. Finding the State's contention to be correct, we will grant the motion and dismiss the appeal.
On August 21, 1997, the district court announced in open court that it would defer adjudication and place Hammack on community supervision. The court signed the order to that effect on August 25. On August 27, Hammack filed a motion for new trial. This motion was overruled after a hearing September 19, 1997. Notice of appeal was filed on November 18, 1997.
A defendant must file his notice of appeal "(1) within 30 days after the day sentence is imposed or suspended in open court, or after the day the trial court enters an appealable order; or (2) within 90 days after the day sentence is imposed or suspended in open court if the defendant timely files a motion for new trial." Tex.R.App. P. 26.2(a) (former Tex.R.App. P. 41(b)(1)). " New trial means the rehearing of a criminal action after the trial court has, on the defendant's motion, set aside a finding or verdict of guilt." Tex.R.App. P. 21.1 (former Tex.R.App. P. 30(a)). A defendant must file his motion for new trial "no later than 30 days after the date when the trial court imposes or suspends sentence in open court." Tex.R.App. P. 21.4(a) (former Tex.R.App. P. 31(a)(1)).
The relevant events occurred both before and after the adoption of the new rules of appellate procedure on September 1, 1997. With the exception noted below, the new rules and the former rules are substantively identical insofar as they apply to this appeal. In this opinion, we will quote and cite the new rules while parenthetically citing the corresponding former rule.
Rule 26.2(a)(1) contains one substantive change from the former rule. Under former rule 41(b)(1), the time for filing a notice of appeal from an appealable order began to run on the day the order was signed, rather than on the day it was entered.
A judgment is the written declaration of the court signed by the trial judge and entered of record showing the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.01, § 1 (West Supp. 1998). The sentence is that part of the judgment that orders that the punishment be carried into execution. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.02 (West Supp. 1998). There can be no judgment in a deferred adjudication proceeding because there is no conviction. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 5(a) (West Supp. 1998). Similarly, there can be no imposition or suspension of sentence because no punishment is assessed. Because there is no finding or verdict of guilt, and no imposition or suspension of sentence, rules 21.1 and 21.4 do not apply to a deferred adjudication proceeding. See State v. Davenport, 866 S.W.2d 767, 770 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1993, no pet.).
In order to perfect an appeal from the deferred adjudication order, Hammack was required to file his notice of appeal within thirty days after the order was rendered on August 21 (if rule 26.2(a)(1) applies) or signed on August 25 (if former rule 41(b)(1) applies). Hammack was not entitled to move for a new trial following the district court's decision to defer adjudication, and his motion for new trial was a nullity. Davenport, 866 S.W.2d at 770. The filing of the motion for new trial did not extend the time for filing notice of appeal under either rule 26.2(a)(2) or former rule 41(b)(1).
We assume that the word "enters," as used in rule 26.2(a)(1), refers to the judicial act of rendering the order in open court, rather than to the ministerial act of recording the order in the minutes of the court. See State v. Rosenbaum, 818 S.W.2d 398, 401 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991).
Hammack's notice of appeal was not timely filed. We lack jurisdiction to dispose of the purported appeal in any manner other than by dismissing it for want of jurisdiction. Olivo v. State, 918 S.W.2d 519, 523 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996); see Rodarte v. State, 860 S.W.2d 108 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993); Shute v. State, 744 S.W.2d 96 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988); Williams v. State, 957 S.W.2d 949 (Tex.App. — Austin 1997, no pet.). The State's motion to dismiss is granted.
The appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.