Opinion
2012-01-31
Peter E. GREVELDING, Jr., as Executor of the Estate of Jason M. Rhoades, Deceased, Claimant–Appellant, v. STATE of New York, Defendant–Respondent.
MacKenzie Hughes LLP, Syracuse (W. Bradley Hunt of Counsel), for Claimant–Appellant. Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Paul Groenwegen of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent.
MacKenzie Hughes LLP, Syracuse (W. Bradley Hunt of Counsel), for Claimant–Appellant. Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General, Albany (Paul Groenwegen of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, SCONIERS, AND GORSKI, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Claimant commenced this wrongful death action seeking damages for the fatal injuries sustained by decedent when the vehicle he was driving slid across the roadway while passing over the Park Street bridge (bridge) on Interstate 81 in the City of Syracuse, struck a snowbank packed against the concrete barrier guard at the edge of the bridge, and vaulted off the bridge onto the road below. The evidence presented at trial established that defendant removed the snowbank from the bridge only after a second fatal vaulting accident occurred, approximately 36 hours after decedent's accident. According to claimant, defendant was negligent in, inter alia, creating the dangerous condition of the snowbank, which rendered the concrete barrier guard ineffective, failing to maintain the bridge in a safe condition, failing to warn of that dangerous condition, and failing to close the bridge in the event that it could not be made safe for travelers.
Following the trial, the Court of Claims determined that the snowbank, which had a hard core and extended above the highway's concrete barrier, constituted a dangerous condition and was a proximate cause of decedent's accident. The court found that defendant created the snowbank by its snow plowing methods, but that it did not thereby create the dangerous condition, which resulted from “passive accumulation to an unsafe height and consistency, or nonfeasance in removal,” coupled with the extreme and persistent weather. The court also found that defendant did not have actual or constructive notice of the dangerous condition and that, even if it could be deemed to have constructive notice, defendant did not have an opportunity to remedy the condition. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, we conclude that the court's conclusions could not have been reached under any fair interpretation of the evidence ( see generally Matter of City of Syracuse Indus. Dev. Agency [Alterm, Inc.], 20 A.D.3d 168, 170, 796 N.Y.S.2d 503; Farace v. State of New York, 266 A.D.2d 870, 698 N.Y.S.2d 376).
Defendant has a duty to maintain its roadways “in a reasonably safe condition for foreseeable uses, including those uses resulting from a driver's negligence or an emergency” ( Stiuso v. City of New York, 87 N.Y.2d 889, 891, 639 N.Y.S.2d 1009, 663 N.E.2d 321; see Carollo v. Town of Colden, 27 A.D.3d 1077, 1078, 811 N.Y.S.2d 543). That duty includes “an obligation to provide and maintain adequate and proper barriers along its highways” ( Gomez v. New York State Thruway Auth., 73 N.Y.2d 724, 725, 535 N.Y.S.2d 587, 532 N.E.2d 93). We conclude that defendant was negligent in creating the dangerous condition by its snow plowing methods. As we determined in Gardner v. State of New York, 79 A.D.3d 1635, 914 N.Y.S.2d 537, the case involving the fatal accident on the same bridge that occurred 36 hours later, defendant's reliance on New York State Department of Transportation guidelines for snow and ice removal is misplaced. “[T]hose guidelines were ‘evolved without adequate study or lacked reasonable basis' ... inasmuch as they provide for the correction of a dangerous condition, such as a slippery roadway, before the correction of a deadly condition, such as the snowbank ‘ramp’ at issue” ( id. at 1636–1637, 914 N.Y.S.2d 537; see generally Weiss v. Fote, 7 N.Y.2d 579, 589, 200 N.Y.S.2d 409, 167 N.E.2d 63, rearg. denied 8 N.Y.2d 934, 204 N.Y.S.2d 1025, 168 N.E.2d 857).
As demonstrated by the evidence presented at trial, vaulting accidents are rare. Nevertheless, although they are rare, the evidence presented at trial also established that certain state highway bridges are much more susceptible than others to winter vaulting accidents, and it is undisputed that a vaulting accident had previously occurred on the instant bridge 10 years earlier. We further note that decedent's accident was the first of two accidents that occurred on the instant bridge over a single weekend. We thus conclude under the circumstances of this case that defendant is liable for creating the dangerous condition, which was a proximate cause of decedent's accident. However, we reject claimant's further contention that there is no evidence that decedent was negligent or that his negligence was a proximate cause of the accident. We therefore reverse the judgment, reinstate the claim, conclude as a matter of law that defendant was negligent and that its negligence was a proximate cause of decedent's accident, and remit the matter to the Court of Claims for a new trial on the issues of decedent's alleged contributory negligence and damages, to be apportioned in the event that contributory negligence on the part of decedent is found ( see CPLR 1411).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the claim is reinstated, judgment on liability is granted in favor of claimant and the matter is remitted to the Court of Claims for a new trial on the issues of decedent's contributory negligence, if any, and damages.