Plaintiff has an implied right of action under Public Health Law § 4406-d, which gives health care providers a measure of due process, in the form of peer review, against the arbitrary termination of health care plan contracts, but does not provide for any means of enforcement (see Uhr v. East Greenbush Central School Dist., 94 N.Y.2d 32, 38, 39-40). We reject defendant's argument that such a right of action will thwart its statutory right to terminate a provider immediately, without a hearing, in cases of imminent harm to patient care and fraud. Defendant remains free to terminate a provider without a hearing, although its grounds for doing so are subject to judicial review. For similar reasons, plaintiff has an implied right of action under Public Health Law § 230(11)(b), which immunizes from suit insurers and others who make good faith reports to the State Board of Professional Medical Conduct. Here, an issue of fact as to defendant's good faith is raised by evidence that although it terminated plaintiff on the basis of imminent harm to patients, it waited 13 months after first notifying him of his alleged substandard care, and by the finding of the New York County Medical Society that plaintiff had demonstrated sound medical practice. Plaintiff's cause of action for breach of contract was properly sustained based on allegations that defendant withheld payments due for services rendered, and the existence of issues of fact as to imminent harm and fraud. Plaintiff's cause of action for breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing was properly sustained as it alleges several claims not made under his cause of action for breach of contract, including that he was terminated in retaliation for his having notified the Department of Insurance of defendant's "improper actions."

Motions seeking leave to file amici curiae briefs granted.

THIS CONSTITUTES THE DECISION AND ORDER OF THE SUPREME COURT, APPELLATE DIVISION, FIRST DEPARTMENT.