Summary
finding liability where defendants provided a lanyard and safety belt but plaintiff had no place "to anchor or affix the lanyard and thus make it operative"
Summary of this case from Hernandez v. GPSDCOpinion
January 7, 1993
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Albany County (Keegan, J.).
Plaintiff James Desrosiers (hereinafter plaintiff) sustained serious personal injuries on July 25, 1990 when he fell some 13 feet from the roof of a building under construction and owned by defendant and third-party plaintiff, Barry, Bette Led Duke, Inc. (hereinafter BBLD). While welding metal roof decking as an employee of third-party defendant, Burt Crane Rigging Inc. (hereinafter Burt Crane), a piece of hot metal (slag) became lodged in his boot. As he jumped about in an attempt to dislodge the slag, plaintiff lost his balance and, because his safety belt had not been attached in any manner, fell from the roof. Plaintiff commenced this action against BBLD alleging common-law negligence and violation of Labor Law §§ 200, 240 and 241; his wife also has a derivative cause of action. BBLD then commenced a third-party action against Burt Crane. Following discovery, plaintiffs moved for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability under Labor Law § 240 (1) and BBLD cross-moved for summary judgment against Burt Crane for contractual and common-law indemnification. Supreme Court granted plaintiffs' motion but denied BBLD's cross motion, giving rise to this appeal.
"Labor Law § 240 (1) imposes a nondelegable duty and absolute liability upon owners or contractors for failing to provide safety devices necessary for protection to workers subject to the risks inherent in elevated work sites who sustain injuries proximately caused by that failure" (Jock v. Fien, 80 N.Y.2d 965, 967-968; see, Rocovich v. Consolidated Edison Co., 78 N.Y.2d 509; see also, Lombardi v. Stout, 80 N.Y.2d 290, 295-296; Bland v. Manocherian, 66 N.Y.2d 452, 459; Zimmer v Chemung County Performing Arts, 65 N.Y.2d 513).
It is well settled that a breach of the duty to furnish devices necessary for proper protection will result in the imposition of absolute liability regardless of any contributory negligence on the part of the injured employee (see, Rocovich v. Consolidated Edison Co., supra, at 512-513). BBLD and Burt Crane both argue that plaintiff failed to prove any violation of Labor Law § 240 (1) because plaintiff failed to utilize his safety belt and lanyard. We disagree. The record lacks proof that plaintiff deliberately refused to use safety equipment (see, Koumianos v State of New York, 141 A.D.2d 189, 192). The inability to anchor or affix the lanyard and thus make it operative was the proximate cause of the fall and resultant injuries to plaintiff, thereby imposing liability upon the owner and contractor (see, Pritchard v. Murray Walter, Inc., 157 A.D.2d 1012, 1013). The mere availability of any particular safety device will not provide a shield from absolute liability if that device alone is insufficient to provide safety without the use of additional precautionary devices or measures (Conway v. New York State Teachers' Retirement Sys., 141 A.D.2d 957, 958-959). As previously stated, there has been no evidentiary showing that plaintiff deliberately refused to affix the lanyard; only that a lanyard had been provided (see, Koumianos v. State of New York, supra, at 192). The record shows that Burt Crane's own guidelines and practices did not require the use of lanyards and safety lines at a height of less than 25 feet and that plaintiff fell from some 13 feet above the floor below. Plaintiff's proof showed that there was no line available to which his lanyard could have been affixed.
Nor do we find persuasive BBLD's and Burt Crane's contention that plaintiff's own negligence caused or contributed to his injuries because he proceeded to work in an unsafe manner (see, Sulem v. B.T.R.E. Greenbush, 187 A.D.2d 816; Conway v. New York State Teachers' Retirement Sys., supra, at 958).
We similarly reject the argument that plaintiff's reaction to the piece of hot slag which entered his boot and burned his foot was an intervening act which became the superceding cause of the accident (see, Kush v. City of Buffalo, 59 N.Y.2d 26, 33). Put another way, we find no view of the evidence by which the failure to provide proper safety measures was not a proximate cause of the accident (see, Zimmer v. Chemung County Performing Arts, supra, at 524). Absent proof to the contrary, summary judgment in favor of plaintiff was proper (see, Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 N.Y.2d 557, 562).
We turn next to the contentions by BBLD that it was error to deny its motion against Burt Crane for contractual indemnification. BBLD argues that Burt Crane was shown to have had responsibility for the safety of its workers in addition to its contractual obligation to defend, indemnify and hold BBLD harmless from any damages arising from personal injuries occasioned wholly or in part by any act or omission of its employees sustained in the performance of the subcontract. We recognize that parties may shift liability for a breach of the duty to provide a safe place to work to the party actually found responsible for an accident (see, Allen v. Cloutier Constr. Corp., 44 N.Y.2d 290, 301; Kelly v. Diesel Constr. Div. of Carl A. Morse, Inc., 35 N.Y.2d 1, 5-7). Burt Crane has failed to controvert the argument that it was solely responsible for all of its employees at the work site and that the accident and the injuries resulted from acts of its own employees in the performance of the contract. Because we have found that Burt Crane's failure to supply effective safety devices was a violation of Labor Law § 240 (1), which in turn proximately caused plaintiff's injuries, BBLD is entitled to summary judgment on its cause of action for contractual indemnification. We find the contract evidences Burt Crane's intention to indemnify BBLD (see, Brown v. Two Exch. Plaza Partners, 76 N.Y.2d 172, 178; see also, Drzewinski v. Atlantic Scaffold Ladder Co., 70 N.Y.2d 774, 777), thus entitling BBLD to summary judgment on that cause of action.
Yesawich Jr., Mercure, Crew III and Casey, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order and judgment is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied the cross motion of Barry, Bette Led Duke, Inc. for summary judgment against Burt Crane Rigging Inc. on its cause of action for contractual indemnification; cross motion granted, summary judgment awarded to Barry, Bette Led Duke on said cause of action; and, as so modified, affirmed.