Summary
In A T T v. Barnes, 260 Ga. App. 209 (581 S.E.2d 260) (2003) (whole court), we held that the failure to raise the defense of the statute of limitation under OCGA § 34-9-104 in a timely manner at or prior to the first hearing waived such defense.
Summary of this case from Stephenson v. Roper Pump Co.Opinion
A03A0196.
DECIDED: FEBRUARY 14, 2003
Workers' compensation. DeKalb Superior Court. Before Judge Becker.
Whiteman Hamilton, Charles C. Hamilton, for appellants.
LaXavier Reddick-Hood, for appellee.
In this case involving a change in condition claim for certain workers' compensation benefits, ATT and Gates McDonald (collectively "ATT") appeal the superior court's holding that workers' compensation benefits payable to Mildred Ware Barnes had been improperly suspended by ATT. On appeal, ATT contends that Barnes' claims were barred by the applicable two-year statute of limitation, OCGA § 34-9-104(b). Because ATT failed to timely raise its statute of limitation defense, we affirm.
A hearing was held on March 25, 2000, but the superior court did not issue an order within 20 days thereafter. As a result, the award was affirmed by operation of law. OCGA § 34-9-105(b). The superior court later entered an order on April 19, 2002.
The relevant facts of record show that Barnes was an employee of ATT who was injured in an accident while at work on February 1, 1993. Although Barnes returned to work for a short period of time following the accident, she eventually stopped going and claimed that she was no longer physically able to perform the duties of her job. At that time, ATT began paying workers' compensation temporary total disability benefits to Barnes. Sometime thereafter, payments to Barnes under ATT's workers' compensation program were replaced with payments made under its short term disability plan. Barnes received notice of this modification in a letter dated November 10, 1994. Payments under this short term disability plan continued until Barnes voluntarily retired on August 11, 1996, when, pursuant to a written request, Barnes began collecting a retirement pension. Since the date of her retirement, Barnes has received no sources of income other than her pension and SSDI benefits.
More than two years after her retirement, Barnes filed a hearing request regarding the resumption of her workers' compensation income benefits, arguing that ATT had improperly suspended them and paid her only certain disability and retirement payments which were less than the workers' compensation benefits. ATT argues that Barnes' claim is barred by OCGA § 34-9-104(b) because it was filed "more than two years [after] the date the last payment of income benefits pursuant to Code Section 34-9-261 or 34-9-262 was actually made." ATT, however, failed to raise this defense in a timely manner, and, as such, this appeal lacks merit.
The threshold issue [in this case] is a factual question — whether [ATT] timely raised the applicable statute of limitation defense to [Barnes'] claim. The bar of the statute of limitation is a privilege to the defendant, the benefit of which it may elect to take advantage of or to waive as it pleases. A defendant may not avail itself of an affirmative defense which it failed to present. In a workers' compensation case, unless asserted no later than the first hearing, an employer or its insurer waives a statute of limitation defense.
(Citations omitted; emphasis supplied.) Baugh-Carroll v. Hosp. Auth. of Randolph County. See also Woodgrain Millwork/Windsor Wood Windows v. Millender. In addition, Board Rule 82(a) explicitly provides that "[a]ny defense as to the time of filing a claim is waived unless it is made not later than the first hearing." (Emphasis supplied.)
Baugh-Carroll v. Hosp. Auth. of Randolph County, 248 Ga. App. 591, 593(1) ( 545 S.E.2d 690) (2001).
Woodgrain Millwork/Windsor Wood Windows v. Millender, 250 Ga. App. 204, 206 ( 551 S.E.2d 78) (2001).
The rule that a defense must be raised not later than the first hearing is a long-established one. In Thigpen v. Hall, this Court held that the failure of an employer to assert a statute of limitation defense at any time during what was deemed to be the original hearing amounted to a waiver of the defense. Similar holdings were set forth in Cotton States Ins. Co. v. Studdard; Maryland Cas. Co. v. Smith; and St. Paul Mercury Indem. Co. v. Oakley.
Thigpen v. Hall, 46 Ga. App. 356 ( 167 S.E. 728) (1933).
Cotton States Ins. Co. v. Studdard, 126 Ga. App. 217 ( 190 S.E.2d 549) (1972).
Maryland Cas. Co. v. Smith, 122 Ga. App. 262 ( 176 S.E.2d 666) (1970).
St. Paul Mercury Indem. Co. v. Oakley, 73 Ga. App. 97 ( 35 S.E.2d 562) (1945).
Based on both case law and Board Rule 82(a), ATT, which had sufficient evidence before it to determine the applicability of a statute of limitation defense at the time, was required to set forth its statute of limitation defense at the first hearing or lose it. The record contains no evidence that ATT raised the statute of limitation defense at the first hearing. Accordingly, ATT waived this defense and cannot raise it now.
We acknowledge that, in House v. Echota Cotton Mills, we stated: "[T]he defense [of a statute of limitation] is available at any time prior to the award in a workmen's compensation proceeding, when it appears that the time for filing the claim had run, since the proceeding is administrative in character, where formal pleadings by the parties are not required." House, however, erroneously cited Thigpen, supra as authority for this position. In light of both the case law discussed above and Board Rule 82(a), this statement is not an accurate one. Accordingly, to the extent that House implies that a statute of limitation defense generally may be raised after the first hearing, it is hereby overruled.
House v. Echota Cotton Mills, 129 Ga. App. 350, 352(2) ( 199 S.E.2d 585) (1973).
Judgment affirmed. Smith, C. J., Andrews, P.J., Johnson, P.J., Ruffin, P.J., Eldridge, Barnes, Miller, Ellington, Phipps, Mikell, and Adams, JJ., concur.