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Arciniega v. Freeman

U.S.
Oct 26, 1971
404 U.S. 4 (1971)

Summary

holding a parole condition restricting association with persons with criminal record was not intended to apply to incidental contacts between ex-convicts while working on a legitimate job for a common employer

Summary of this case from State v. Allen

Opinion

ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

No. 70-5135.

Decided October 26, 1971

The Court of Appeals erred in holding that mere on-the-job contact with fellow employees with police records is sufficient evidence of parole violation, in the absence of a clear directive of the Federal Parole Board to that effect.

Certiorari granted; 439 F.2d 776, reversed.


Petitioner's parole was revoked by the Federal Parole Board because of association with other ex-convicts. In a petition for habeas corpus, petitioner contended that the record did not disclose any evidence in support of this conclusion. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit sustained the revocation on the sole ground that petitioner worked at a restaurant-nightclub that employed other ex-convicts. 439 F.2d 776.

The Parole Board has wide authority to set conditions. 18 U.S.C. § 4203 (a), and here petitioner was forbidden to "associate" with other ex-convicts. But the Board's own regulations require "satisfactory evidence" of a parole violation to justify an arrest warrant. 28 C.F.R. § 2.35. We do not believe that the parole condition restricting association was intended to apply to incidental contacts between ex-convicts in the course of work on a legitimate job for a common employer. Nor is such occupational association, standing alone, satisfactory evidence of non-business association violative of the parole restriction. To so assume would be to render a parolee vulnerable to imprisonment whenever his employer, willing to hire ex-convicts, hires more than one. Absent a clear Parole Board directive to this effect, we cannot sustain the judgment of the Court of Appeals that on-the-job contact with fellow employees with police records is sufficient evidence of parole violation. If there is in this record other evidence of forbidden association or evidence of other parole violations, neither the Court of Appeals nor the United States has identified it.

The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis is granted, the petition for a writ of certiorari is granted, and the judgment of the Court of Appeals is

Reversed.


Summaries of

Arciniega v. Freeman

U.S.
Oct 26, 1971
404 U.S. 4 (1971)

holding a parole condition restricting association with persons with criminal record was not intended to apply to incidental contacts between ex-convicts while working on a legitimate job for a common employer

Summary of this case from State v. Allen

interpreting an associational condition to exclude certain casual encounters

Summary of this case from United States v. Loy

In Arciniega v. Freeman, 404 U.S. 4, 92 S.Ct. 22, 30 L.Ed.2d 126 (1971), the Supreme Court was called upon to interpret the term "associate" as used in a federal parole condition.

Summary of this case from Birzon v. King

interpreting an associational condition to exclude certain casual encounters

Summary of this case from United States v. Robinson

interpreting an associational condition to exclude certain casual encounters

Summary of this case from Doe v. Cooper

In Arciniega, a parolee had his parole revoked on the sole ground that he worked at a restaurant where other ex-convicts worked.

Summary of this case from People v. Klatt
Case details for

Arciniega v. Freeman

Case Details

Full title:ARCINIEGA v . FREEMAN, U.S. MARSHAL

Court:U.S.

Date published: Oct 26, 1971

Citations

404 U.S. 4 (1971)
92 S. Ct. 22

Citing Cases

People v. K.M. (In re K.M.)

But there are no guarantees.¶ 34 Consider, for example, Arciniega v. Freeman , 404 U.S. 4, 92 S.Ct. 22, 30…

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