Ex Parte CottleDownload PDFPatent Trial and Appeal BoardOct 23, 201713803228 (P.T.A.B. Oct. 23, 2017) Copy Citation United States Patent and Trademark Office UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and Trademark Office Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS P.O.Box 1450 Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450 www.uspto.gov APPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO. 13/803,228 03/14/2013 Charles Cottle 1949-13 CON 3003 106094 7590 10/25/2017 Farber LLC c/o CDFS 445 Broad Hollow Road, Suite 420 Melville, NY 11747 EXAMINER POLLOCK, GREGORY A ART UNIT PAPER NUMBER 3695 NOTIFICATION DATE DELIVERY MODE 10/25/2017 ELECTRONIC Please find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding. The time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication. Notice of the Office communication was sent electronically on above-indicated "Notification Date" to the following e-mail address(es): docket @ cdfslaw. com tgiordano@cdfslaw.com PTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07) UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Ex parte CHARLES COTTLE Appeal 2016-0040001 Application 13/803,22 82 Technology Center 3600 Before MURRIEL E. CRAWFORD, MATTHEW S. MEYERS, and ROBERT J. SILVERMAN, Administrative Patent Judges. MEYERS, Administrative Patent Judge. DECISION ON APPEAL STATEMENT OF THE CASE Appellant appeals under 35 U.S.C. § 134(a) from the Examiner’s Final Rejection of claims 132, 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154. We have jurisdiction under 35 U.S.C. § 6(b). We AFFIRM. 1 Our Decision references Appellant’s Appeal Brief (“Br.,” filed August 10, 2015), the Examiner’s Answer (“Ans.,” mailed November 25, 2015), and Final Office Action (“Final Act.,” mailed April 9, 2015). 2 Appellant identifies “the inventor, Mr. Charles Cottle” as the real party in interest (Br. 2). Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 CLAIMED INVENTION Appellant’s claims are “directed generally to an apparatus, method, and system of finance, and more particularly, to an apparatus, method and system to establish versatile financial mechanisms from a complex of other instruments” (Spec. 11). Claims 132 and 147 are the independent claims on appeal. Claim 132 reproduced below, with added bracketed notations, is illustrative of the subject matter on appeal: 132. A computer-implemented method for assembling and completing a versatile financial transaction comprising financial instrument transactions, the method comprising: [a] receiving, via a network interface in operable communication with a processor and a trade executing entity, market data relating to one or more financial instrument transactions, the market data comprising at least one of a price, a financial instrument name, an exchange, or a financial instrument identifier, and displaying the market data with a user interface application executing on a processor; [b] storing, in a database application, instrument profile data relating to one or more financial instruments which define one or more versatile financial transactions, the instrument profile data comprising at least one of a versatile instrument name, a financial instrument name, or a financial instrument transaction identifier; [c] assembling, by a transaction generator executing on a processor, a proposed versatile financial transaction having a plurality of subcomponent financial instrument transactions based at least in part upon a selected account holding, a[n] account price, a financial instrument identifier, or a market data financial instrument identifier associated with a financial instrument identifier, wherein the proposed versatile financial transaction modifies a risk reward profile of an underlying account holding selected from the group consisting of stocks, bonds, futures, commodities, currencies, and indexes, where the 2 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 risk reward profile is a risk, reward, or breakeven slope of a position based on price of the underlying account holding; [d] displaying, by a user-interface software application executing on a processor, the proposed versatile financial transaction; and [e] transmitting to the trade executing entity instructions to execute the plurality of subcomponent financial instrument transactions of the proposed versatile financial transaction as a package, wherein the versatile financial transaction package is a slingshot hedge providing a slingshot risk reward profile. REJECTION Claims 132, 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 101 as directed to non-statutory subject matter. ANALYSIS Appellant argues claims 132, 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154 as a group (see Br. 7—10). We select independent claim 132 as representative. Claims 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154 stand or fall with independent claim 1. See 37 C.F.R. § 41.37(c)(l)(iv). Under 35 U.S.C. § 101, an invention is patent-eligible if it claims a “new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter.” 35 U.S.C. § 101. The Supreme Court, however, has long interpreted § 101 to include an implicit exception: “[ljaws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas” are not patentable. See, e.g., Alice Corp. Pty Ltd. v. CLS Banklnt’l, 134 S. Ct. 2347, 2354 (2014). The Supreme Court, in Alice, reiterated the two-step framework previously set forth in Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories., Inc., 132 S. Ct. 1289, 1300 (2012), “for distinguishing patents that claim laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas from those 3 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 that claim patent-eligible applications of those concepts.” Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at 2355. The first step in that analysis is to “determine whether the claims at issue are directed to one of those patent-ineligible concepts,” id., e.g., to an abstract idea. If the claims are not directed to a patent-ineligible concept, the inquiry ends. Otherwise, the inquiry proceeds to the second step where the elements of the claims are considered “individually and ‘as an ordered combination”’ to determine whether there are additional elements that “‘transform the nature of the claim’ into a patent-eligible application.” Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at 2355 (quoting Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1297). The Court acknowledged in Mayo, that “all inventions at some level embody, use, reflect, rest upon, or apply laws of nature, natural phenomena, or abstract ideas.” Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1293. We, therefore, look to whether the claims focus on a specific means or method that improves the relevant technology or are instead directed to a result or effect that itself is the abstract idea and merely invoke generic processes and machinery. See Enfish, LLC v. Microsoft Corp., 822 F.3d 1327, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2016). Here, in rejecting claims 132, 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154, the Examiner finds the claims are “directed to the abstract idea of a fundamental economic practice” (Final Act. 3). The Examiner also finds that independent claim 132 “employs mathematical relationships to manipulate existing information to generate addition information in the form of a packaged financial transaction” (Ans. 5; see also Final Act. 6), and explains [t]his idea is similar to the basic concept of a mathematical procedure for converting one form of numerical representation to another, organizing information through mathematical correlations, using categories to organize, store, and transmit information, comparing new and stored information and using rules to identity options and/or mitigating settlement risk or 4 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 hedging which are fundamental economic practices all of which have been found by the courts to be an abstract idea. (Ans. 5; see also Final Act. 6). Appellant argues that the Examiner’s rejection is improper because the Examiner “has not even precisely identified what allegedly abstract idea is recited in the claims on appeal” (Br. 7). Appellant’s argument is not persuasive. By way of background, the Examiner finds the claims are “directed to a method of assembling and completing a versatile financial transaction” (Final Act. 5). The Examiner further finds [t]he claims require the additional limitations of a computer connected to a network or [Ijnternet. These generic computer components are claimed to perform their basic functions of storing, retrieving, and processing data though the program that enables the assembling and transmission of a versatile financial transaction as a package. (Id. at 6). And, after considering what the claims are directed to, the Examiner finds independent claim 132 “is similar to the basic concept of manipulating information using mathematical relationships and/or the creation of a financial transaction which is a fundamental economic practice both of which have been found by the courts to be an abstract idea” (id. at 6). Thus, we determine initially the Examiner has adequately articulated what abstract idea the claims are directed to. Appellant further argues that the Examiner fails to satisfy the first step of the Alice analysis, because “[t]he present claims do not recite a mathematical algorithm; nor do they recite a fundamental economic or longstanding commercial practice” (Br. 8). However, we agree with the Examiner that independent claim 132 is directed to a fundamental economic 5 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 practice, in that it is analogous to the concept of intermediated settlement in Alice, and the concept of risk hedging in Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593 (2010), and, thus, is an abstract idea beyond the scope of § 101. See Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at 2356; Bilski, 561 U.S. at 611. Appellant also argues that the Examiner fails to satisfy the second step of the Alice analysis, because “[t]he present claims recite features that are not ‘well-understood, routine, and conventional in the field’” (Br. 9), as evidenced “by the fact that the Examiner has already determined that the recited process is novel and nonobvious over the prior art” {id. at 8). However, to the extent Appellant argues that the claims necessarily contain an “inventive concept” based on their alleged novelty and non-obviousness over the cited references, Appellant misapprehends the controlling precedent. That is, although the second step in the Alice/Mayo framework is termed a search for an “inventive concept,” the analysis is not an evaluation of novelty or non-obviousness, but rather, a search for “an element or combination of elements that is ‘sufficient to ensure that the patent in practice amounts to significantly more than a patent upon the [ineligible concept] itself.’” Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2355. A novel and nonobvious claim directed to a purely abstract idea is, nonetheless, patent-ineligible. See Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1304. Here, the only claim elements beyond the abstract idea are directed to generic computer components (see Spec. ]ff[ 4—6), on which the method of “method for assembling and completing a versatile financial transaction comprising financial instrument transactions” is performed. And, considered as an ordered combination, we are unclear as to how these computer components add anything that is not already present when the 6 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 steps of the method are considered separately. In this regard, Appellant does not provide adequate evidence or technical reasoning that independent claim 132 improves some existing technological process or solves some technological problem in conventional industry practice. Versata Dev. Grp., Inc. v. SAP Am., Inc., 793 F.3d 1306, 1334 (Fed. Cir. 2015), cert, denied, 136 S. Ct. 2510, 195 L. Ed. 2d 841 (2016) (finding that the “claims recit[ed] a commonplace business method aimed at processing business information despite being applied on a general purpose computer.”); see also Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2359. Appellant further argues that “the present claims will not ‘tie up’ the allegedly excepted subject matter and preempt others from using that subject matter” (Br. 10) because “the present claims add unconventional steps that confine the claim to a particular useful application, or other meaningful applications” (id.). However, Appellant’s preemption argument does not alter our § 101 analysis. Preemption concerns are fully addressed and made moot where a patent’s claims are deemed to disclose patent ineligible subject matter under the two-part framework described in Mayo and Alice. Ariosa Diagnostics, Inc. v. Sequenom, Inc., 788 F.3d 1371, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2015). “While preemption may signal patent ineligible matter, the absence of complete preemption does not demonstrate patent eligibility.” Id. In view of the foregoing, we sustain the Examiner’s rejection under 35 U.S.C. § 101 of independent claim 132, and claims 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154, which fall with independent claim 132. 7 Appeal 2016-004000 Application 13/803,228 DECISION The Examiner’s rejection of claims 132, 137, 139, 147, 152, and 154 under 35 U.S.C. § 101 is affirmed. No time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with this appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a)(l)(iv). AFFIRMED 8 Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation