Allis-Chalmers Corp.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Feb 13, 1986

278 N.L.R.B. 561 (N.L.R.B. 1986)

ALLIS-CHALMERS CORP. 561
Allis-Chalmers Corporation and International Union,
United Automobile , Aerospace and Agricultural
Implement Workers of America (UAW). Case
13-CA-19918
13 February 1986
SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION
By CHAIRMAN DOTSON AND MEMBERS
DENNIS AND STEPHENS
On 15 January 1985 Administrative Law Judge
Claude R. Wolfe issued the attached supplemental
decision. The Respondent filed exceptions and a
supporting brief, and the Charging Party filed
cross-exceptions" to the decision. The Respondent
filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and briefs and has
decided to affirm the judge's rulings, findings, 2 and
conclusions and to adopt the recommended Order.
ORDEI?,
The National Labor Relations Board affirms its
original Decision and Order (252 NLRB 606
(1980)).
i We agree with the judge's refusal to entertain evidence of employee
turnover. We, therefore, find it unnecessary to reach the Charging
Party's cross-exceptions to the judge's exclusion of the Union's evidence
concerning the Respondent's recognition of the Union and negotiations
with it.
2 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge's credibility find-
ings The Board's established policy is not to overrule an administrative
law judge's credibility resolutions unless the clear preponderance of all
the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect. Standard Dry
Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enf'd 188 F 2d 362 (3d Cir 1951)
We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing
the findings.
Alan M, Kaplan, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Charles L Cohen, Esq., for the Employer.
Irving M. Friedman, Esq., for the Union.
SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION
CLAUDE R. WOLFE, Administrative Law Judge. Pur-
suant to remand by the United States Court of Appeals
for the Seventh Circuit" "for such action as [the Board]
may consider appropriate in the circumstances," the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board (the Board) on April 11,
1984, directed that a hearing be held on the Employer's
objections to union conduct that allegedly affected the
results of the representation election in Case 13-CA-
15189.2 The Board further directed that the hearing be
i NLRB v Allis-Chalmers Corp, 680 F 2d 1166 (7th Cu. 1982).
2 The election in Case 13 -RC-15189 was conducted on August 31,
1979, pursuant to a Stipulation for Certification Upon Consent Election
held "on the issues remanded by the Court." The court's
remand of June 16, 1982, noted that it would not enforce
the Board's Order in 252 NLRB 606 (1980), because the
Board had adopted a Regional Director's finding and
conclusions without seeing the evidence relied on by the
Regional Director. The court did not specify any par-
ticular objection on which evidence should be enter-
tained, but Judge Eschbach, concurring, observed that
the Employer had made "well-pleaded allegations" that
"an influential member of the bargaining unit had been
paid to wear a campaign button on the eve of the recog-
nition election." In the absence of other specific refer-
ence by the court or Board, I am persuaded that all the
objections were remanded for reconsideration and hear-
ing when warranted. All parties were represented by
able counsel who were provided with and took opportu-
nity to examine and cross-examine witnesses during the
hearing before me on August 7, 30, and 31, and October
16, 1984. On the entire record, 3 and after considering the
posttrial briefs of the parties, I make the following find-
ings and conclusions.
The Objections
The Employer's objections read as follows:
1. The Petitioner has for several months now na-
tionally stated and emphasized it is not bound by
and will not comply with the President's Wage and
Price Control Program. The Petitioner, throughout
the present election campaign, has continued to
voice this policy to employees of the Employer.
Further, the Petitioner has told employees the only
way they could receive wage and benefit improve-
ments in excess of the Wage Guidelines would be to
select the Petitioner as their bargaining agent. This
campaign tactic on the part of the Petitioner is an
attempt to exploit NLRB ' processes to flout the
Anti-Inflation 'Wage Guidelines (a program of an-
other agency of the government). Additionally,
throughout the election campaign, the Petitioner
stated the Employer has less latitude than the Peti-
tioner in bargaining because the Petitioner said it
was not bound by the Wage Guidelines. This is not
only an exploitation of the Wage Guidelines but is
in direct contradiction of the entire Wage Guideline
Program. To allow such a result would be tanta-
mount to sanctioning the Petitioner's goal of under-
cutting this paramount program reflecting public
policy. This result would be especially unacceptable
because it would allow the use of one government
process for the purpose of thwarting another gov-
ernment process.
in an appropriate unit, with the tally of ballots showing 96 votes for the
Union, 81 against, and 2 challenged ballots. The appropriate unit is-
All warehouse employees and warehouse maintenance employees of
the Employer now located at 1500 North Raddant Road, Batavia, Il-
linois 60510, but excluding all office clerical employees, plant clerical
employees, truck drivers, professional employees, guards and super-
visors as defined in the Act
3 The Union's motions to strike in its posttrial brief are denied On No-
vember 27, 1984, my order issued making 99 corrections in the record
No objection or exception to that order has been received
278 NLRB No. 82
562 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
In the Circuit Court of Appeals, District of Co-
lumbia Circuit, the Court held that the Wage
Guideline Program did not contravene the policy of
the National Labor Relations Act. The Court then
concluded that, during this cruel period of inflation,
everyone should support the President's Program as
an act of good citizenship. AFL-CIO v. Kahn, 600
F.2d (D.C. CIR. 1979). The Employer has scrupu-
lously observed the requirements of the Anti-Infla-
tion program with respect to both prices and pay
rates since its inception.
Therefore, the Petitioner's election campaign
conduct with regard to the Wage Guidelines
amounted to an unlawful promise of gain that
would bring no sanction to the Petitioner and em-
ployees whom it sought to represent, but if
achieved would result in undermining of the gov-
ernment's program, and exposure to the Employer
of the loss of millions of dollars in government con-
tracts. The Employer was thus faced with an un-
conscionable and basically unfair dilemma. On this
basis alone, absent other acts of misconduct enumer-
ated below, the election should be set aside. The
other grounds are ample.
2. The Petitioner's conduct throughout the elec-
tion campaign was pervaded with misstatements of
fact as well as misrepresentations of several types.
This conduct commenced very early on in the cam-
paign and continued until the last moments. These
misstatements and misrepresentations ranged from
modest, to a higher grade, and to monumental
items. The Employer generally did not have an op-
portunity to respond, but even in selected cases that
it had this opportunity, many of the items would
have been virtually impossible to respond to or
rebut because of their breadth and technical com-
plexity. Examples of misrepresentations and missta-
tements in roughly ascending order of magnitude
include:
a. Incorrect wage and cost-of-living data was
presented to employees by the Petitioner with re-
spect to the Employer's facility at Minneapolis,
Minnesota.
b. The Petitioner purposely misstated the number
of holidays for employees at International Harvest-
er.
c. The Petitioner purposely misrepresented the
Employer's policy as to annual pay adjustments,
pay progression to the job rate, and job classifica-
tions, both as to particular employees and as to ge-
neric job functions. A rebuttal of these misrepresen-
tations, even if it had been available, would have
been so complex and time consuming that if done
without the greatest extent and degree of care
would have caused great confusion.
Taken together, the various examples of misrep-
resentations and misstatements enumerated in this
paragraph depict the total plan of the Petitioner to
engage in such diverse and widespread misstate-
ments and misrepresentations so as to unlawfully
affect the election results.
3. The Petitioner throughout the campaign pur-
posely used threats, coercion, intimidation, and
promises to gain support. Examples of this improper
conduct include:
a. The Petitioner told employees that newly hired
employees were hired by the Employer to vote
"No" in the election and then would be let go im-
mediately after the election.
b. The Petitioner misled employees to believe
that there would be a large layoff after the election
if the Petitioner lost in aid of the Petitioner's effort
to be elected.
c. Several employees were induced by bribes to
wear UAW buttons. Other employees were told
that by wearing a UAW button they had shown the
Employer they supported the Petitioner and that, if
the Petitioner lost the election, the employees
would be fired by the Employer because they were
known supporters of the Petitioner. Therefore, it
was essential that the Petitioner must win the elec-
tion.
d. The Petitioner granted payment for support
and corresponding display of support for the Peti-
tioner.
e. The Petitioner promised employees there
would be no strike if the Petitioner won the elec-
tion. This proposition is utterly contradicted by the
demonstrated strike history of the Petitioner with
the Employer.
These widespread acts of government program
exploitation, threats, coercion, intimidation, and
promises on the part of the Petitioner reflect noth-
ing short of a massive planned course of misconduct
geared to influence the election results. Such con-
duct is, however, obviously unlawful and is cause to
set aside the election. The question may well be
presented whether in this context a proper election
can be held at this time.
Objection 1
Assuming arguendo that the facts related in Objection
1 are accurate, I am persuaded that the Employer's novel
argument that it is an unlawful promise of gain for a
union to claim that it was not bound by the Government
existing wage guidelines and the only way for employees
to get wages and bnefits in excess of the guidelines was
to select the Union as their representative is without
merit. The statement that the Union was not "bound" by
the guidelines is perfectly true, and its presentation of
itself as the only agent through which employees would
get higher wages and benefits is pure campaign propa-
ganda of a type employees may reasonably be expected
to be capable of evaluating. Objection 1 is overruled.
Objection 2
To the extent the objections allege misrepresentations
by the Union, they are without merit. At hearing, over
the Employer's objection, I excluded evidence with re-
spect to these alleged misrepresentations. The Employer
excepts to this ruling. Upon reflection, I adhere to my
ALLIS-CHALMERS CORP. 563
ruling for the following reasons. The initial decisions of
the Regional Director in 1979 and the Board in 1970
with respect to the alleged misrepresentations were based
on that standard found in Hollywood Ceramics Co., 140
NLRB 221 (1962), and General Knit of California, 239
NLRB 619 (1978). If that standard were still the law my
ruling would be in error, but that standard was expressly
rejected in Midland Life Insurance Co., 263 NLRB 127
(1982). The Board, in Midland, stated it would "no
longer probe into the truth or falsity of the parties' cam-
paign statements ," and misleading campaign statements
would not be sufficient basis to set an election -aside.4 In
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 266 NLRB 507 (1983),
the Board held that the rule in Midland applied to mis-
representations of law as well as those of fact. In Cer-
tain-Teed Corp ., 271 NLRB 76 (1984), the Board ex-
plained that its statement in Midland that -the rule an-
nounced was to be applied "to all pending cases in what-
ever stage" was an expression of "our preference that
Midland National , be applied retroactively to all pending
cases, including those in the judicial stage."5 There is no
evidence of any unusual circumstance in this case that
would militate against the retroactive application of Mid-
land. The Employer 's proffering examples of "egre-
gious," "serious," "substantial ," and "pervasive" misrep-
resentations in its able brief have, for the purposes of this
decision, been treated as offers of proof. In my opinion,
the examples proffered , viewed objectively, are no more
than routine campaign propaganda posing no discernible
exception to the Midland rule. The same conclusion ap-
plies to those documents pertaining to alleged misrepre-
sentations which are part of the Appendix to the court
placed in evidence before me as Respondent 's Exhibit 3.
Applying Midland , as I believe I must, Objection 2,
which consists of allegations of misrepresentations, is
overruled.
Objection 3
From the record before me, it appears that Judge
Eschbach's comments quoted above refer to an incident
on the morning of election day, August 31, 1979. On that
morning, employee Emma Anthony, in response to their
question why she was wearing a union button, told per-
sonnel department employees Valerie Lavery and Arlene
Currier that she was being paid to wear it. She did not
say who was paying or how much. Although I find that
Anthony made the foregoing statements, and despite her
reluctance to acknowledge her pretrial affidavit, I credit
her uncontradicted denial that she was in fact paid for
wearing the button and note there is no evidence any
other employee was paid to wear a button. She has not
been shown to have been an influential member of the
bargaining unit or an agent of the Union, or to have been
so considered by her fellow employees. Anthony's state-
ment is not attributable to the Union. Moreover, it was
made to two employees who were not members of the
4 There is no indication in the case befoi a me that forged documents
or altered Board documents, the Board's stated exceptions to the Midland
rule, were used in the campaign.
6 Inasmuch as the court has remanded the case to the Board to handle
as the Board may consider appropriate it is reasonably arguable that this
case is not "in the judicial stage."
bargaining unit in which the election was conducted, and
there is no evidence that Anthony's claim of payment
was made known to any unit employee before he or she
voted. On the foregoing, I conclude that Anthony's
statement to Lavery and Currier has not been shown to
be true; is not attributable to the Union; had no effect on
the election whatsoever; and does not warrant setting
aside the election.
There was testimony with regard to rumors being cir-
culated among the employees by other employees. The
most common was to the effect, although stated in sever-
al different ways, that the Employer hired new employ-
ees in the belief they would vote against the Union and
would separate them once the election was over. To the
extent it is possible, on the vague testimony before me,
to place the various repetitions and variations of this
rumor in time, it appears most, if not all, of these com-
munications testified to occurred prior to the July 13,
1979 filing of the petition in Case 13-RC-15189 and are
therefore not objectionable.6 There is no showing that
any of the employees passing the rumors were acting as
union agents when they did so,7 and, even if they were,
statements of this sort have been long held to be unob-
jectionable because employees are capable of evaluating
them and they contain no threats within the power of
the Union to carry out."
In March or April 1979, Louise Alhert, an employee,
told another employee, Mary Manning, that if she did
not sign a union card, she would not have a job when
the Union came in, and `that if the Union did not get in,
there would be a slowdown and employees who had
been hired would be laid off. Both statements are unob-
jectionable because they were made before the petition
was filed.
There was considerable discussion among the employ-
ees, both pro- and antiunion, about the possibility of
strikes, with one employee suggesting there might be one
after the election. The record contains no indication of
objectionable conduct by anyone in this regard.
On one occasion one employee told another employee
that she was not going to vote in the election. Where-
upon, the second employee smiled and drew his finger
across his throat. No one else was present. What the
enigmatic gesture meant is anybody's guess, but there is
certainly nothing in this undated contact between two
rank-and-file employees warranting setting an election
aside.
The foregoing recitations are the strongest part of the
evidence adduced. The record is replete with hearsay,
conclusionary statements, and statements proffered with-
out proof of time and place. Even if all these frailties are
waived and all hearsay and other foundationless evidence
s Goodyear Tire Co., 138 NLRB 453 (1962).
° Employee Kovack credibly testified that a union agent told employ-
ees at a union meeting 3 or 4 months prior to the filing of the petition
that the Employer would hire new employees to vote against the Union,
and these employees would "be fired-would leave afterwards." The
rumors may well have stemmed from this prophecy, but it is not objec-
tionable because it occurred before the petition was filed and amounts to
nothing more than recognizable speculation.
8 Rio de Oro Uranium Mines, 120 NLRB 91, 94 (1958).
564 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
credited, there would still be insufficient evidence to sus-
tain Objection 3 or any significant portion of it.
It cannot be found on the evidence before me that the
general election atmosphere was permeated with threats
and fear of reprisal require a new election.9 What we
have here is nothing more than a melange of hearsay
statements and personal opinions and predictions by
rank-and-file employees. None of this conduct has been
shown by the Employer to be attributable to the Union,
nor has it been shown to be of such a nature that it inter-
fered with the conduct of the election. As the United
States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has suc-
cinctly stated: "[Employees'] personal opinion on [the
Employer's] motivations must not be viewed as union ef-
forts to improperly influence the election. It would
simply not be possible to monitor the personal, informal
expressions of every employee who happens to have pro
or anti-union inclinations." 10
Additional Considerations -
The Employer urges error in my refusal to entertain
evidence of employee turnover. It is established Board
law, which I am required to follow, I 1 that employee
turnover does not support a fording a union has lost its
majority because it is assumed , absent contrary evidence,
that new employees will be union supporters in the same
9 Compare Aamond State Poultry Co., 107 NLRB 3 (1953), Poinsett
Lumber Co, 116 NLRB 1732 (1956).
10 Six Flags Over Mid America v. NLRB, 638 F.2d 59, 60 (8th Cir
1981); and see Tuf-Flex Glass v. NLRB, 715 F.2d 291 (7th Cir. 1983).
11 Iowa Beef Packers, 144 NLRB 615, 616 (1963).
ratio as those they replace. See, e.g., Odd Fellows Rebek-
ah Home, 233 NLRB 143-144 (1977). Moreover, if the
Employer's objections are without merit, it has violated
Section 8(a)(5) by refusing to bargain with a certified
union. It is well settled that a doubt of majority status
must be raised in -a context free of unfair labor practices.
Celanese Corp., 95 NLRB 664, 673 (1951). If the Employ-
er has violated Section 8(a)(5), as I believe it has, the
necessary context free of unfair labor practices free con-
test does not exist.
The Employer also claims prejudice due to the passage
of 5 years from election to hearing. There can be little
doubt that the witnesses had better memories 5 years
ago, but their earlier recollections were memorialized in
sworn statements in 1979. From what I could ascertain
during the examination and cross-examination of the wit-
nesses, it did not appear that their 5-year-old recorded
testimony was any more helpful to the Employer than
their current recollections. It may be that uncertainty of
the outcome worried the Employer over a long period
of time, but I am not convinced that the evidence suf-
fered so great an injury due to the time lapse that the
Employer was unable to have a fair and full hearing on
its objections.
ORDER
It is recommended that the Employer's Objections to
the election in Case 13-RC-15189 be overruled and that
the Board's previous Decision and Order12 be reaffirmed
by the Board.
12 Allis-Chalmers Corp., 252 NLRB 606 (1980).