Iowa Code § 502.102

Current through March 29, 2024

Section 502.102 - Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

1."Administrator" means the commissioner of insurance or the deputy appointed pursuant to section 502.601.

2."Agent" means an individual, other than a broker-dealer, who represents a broker-dealer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of securities or represents an issuer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of the issuer's securities. But a partner, officer, or director of a broker-dealer or issuer, or an individual having a similar status or performing similar functions, is an agent only if the individual otherwise comes within the term. The term does not include an individual excluded by rule adopted or order issued under this chapter.

2A."Agricultural cooperative association" means an entity which is structured and operated on a cooperative basis pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 1381(a) and which meets the definitional requirement of an association as provided in 12 U.S.C. § 1141j(c) or 7 U.S.C. §291, if the association is organized as any one of the following:

a. A farmers cooperative association as defined in section 10.1.

b. An association of persons organized pursuant to chapter 497 for purposes of conducting an agricultural or dairy business on a cooperative plan, as described in section 497.1.

c. A cooperative association organized pursuant to chapter 498 for purposes of conducting an agricultural, livestock, horticultural, or dairy business on a cooperative plan and acting as a cooperative selling agency, as described in section 498.2.

d. An agricultural association as defined in section 499.2 and organized pursuant to chapter 499.

e. A cooperative organized under chapter 501 which may acquire or otherwise obtain or lease agricultural land in this state as provided in section 501.103.

f. Any other entity which is organized on a cooperative basis under the laws of this state for the purpose of engaging in the activities of an agricultural association as defined in section 499.2.

3."Bank" means any of the following:

a. A banking institution organized under the laws of the United States.

b. A member bank of the United States federal reserve system.

c. Any other banking institution, whether incorporated or not, doing business under the laws of a state or of the United States, a substantial portion of the business of which consists of receiving deposits or exercising fiduciary powers similar to those permitted to be exercised by national banks under the authority of the office of the comptroller of the currency of the United States pursuant to Pub. L. No. 87-722, §1, 12 U.S.C. §92a, and which is supervised and examined by a state or federal agency having supervision over banks, and which is not operated for the purpose of evading this chapter.

d. A receiver, conservator, or other liquidating agent of any institution or firm included in paragraph "a", "b", or "c".

4."Broker-dealer" means a person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the account of others or for the person's own account. The term does not include any of the following:

a. An agent.

b. An issuer.

c. A bank or savings institution if its activities as a broker-dealer are limited to those specified in section 3(a)(4)(B)(i) through (vi), section 3(a)(4)(B)(vii) if the offer and sale of private securities offerings are limited to nonconsumer transactions that are not primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, section 3(a)(4)(B)(viii) through (x), or section 3(a)(4)(B)(xi) if limited to unsolicited transactions all as provided in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(4); in section 3(a)(5)(B), and 3(a)(5)(C) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(4) and (5); or a bank that satisfies the conditions described in section 3(a)(4)(E) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(4).

d. An international banking institution.

e. A person excluded by rule adopted or order issued under this chapter.

5."Depository institution" means any of the following:

a. A bank.

b. A savings institution, trust company, credit union, or similar institution that is organized or chartered under the laws of a state or of the United States, authorized to receive deposits, and supervised and examined by an official or agency of a state or the United States if its deposits or share accounts are insured to the maximum amount authorized by statute by the federal deposit insurance corporation, the national credit union share insurance fund, or a successor authorized by federal law. The term does not include any of the following:

(1) An insurance company or other organization primarily engaged in the business of insurance.

(2) A Morris plan bank.

(3) An industrial loan company that is not an "insured depository institution" as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1813(c)(2), or any successor federal statute.

6."Federal covered investment adviser" means a person registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

7."Federal covered security" means a security that is, or upon completion of a transaction will be, a covered security under section 18(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. § 77r(b), or rules or regulations adopted pursuant to that provision.

8."Filing" means the receipt under this chapter of a record by the administrator or a designee of the administrator.

9."Fraud", "deceit", and "defraud" are not limited to common law deceit.

10."Guaranteed" means guaranteed as to payment of all principal and all interest.

11."Institutional investor" means any of the following, whether acting for itself or for others in a fiduciary capacity:

a. A depository institution or international banking institution.

b. An insurance company.

c. A separate account of an insurance company.

d. An investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.

e. A broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

f. An employee pension, profit-sharing, or benefit plan if the plan has total assets in excess of five million dollars or its investment decisions are made by a named fiduciary, as defined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, that is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, an investment adviser registered or exempt from registration under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, an investment adviser registered under this chapter, a depository institution, or an insurance company.

g. A plan established and maintained by a state, a political subdivision of a state, or an agency or instrumentality of a state or a political subdivision of a state for the benefit of its employees, if the plan has total assets in excess of five million dollars or its investment decisions are made by a duly designated public official or by a named fiduciary, as defined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, that is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, an investment adviser registered or exempt from registration under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, an investment adviser registered under this chapter, a depository institution, or an insurance company.

h. A trust, if it has total assets in excess of five million dollars, its trustee is a depository institution, and its participants are exclusively plans of the types identified in paragraph "f " or "g", regardless of the size of their assets, except a trust that includes as participants self-directed individual retirement accounts or similar self-directed plans.

i. An organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(3), corporation, Massachusetts trust or similar business trust, limited liability company, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of five million dollars.

j. A small business investment company licensed by the small business administration under section 301(c) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, 15 U.S.C. § 681(c), with total assets in excess of five million dollars.

k. A private business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-2(a)(22), with total assets in excess of five million dollars.

l. A federal covered investment adviser acting for its own account.

m. A "qualified institutional buyer" as defined in Rule 144A(a)(1), other than Rule 144A(a)(1)(i)(H), adopted by the securities and exchange commission under the Securities Act of 1933, 17 C.F.R. § 230.144A.

n. A "major U. S. institutional investor" as defined in Rule 15a-6(b)(4)(i) adopted by the securities and exchange commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 17 C.F.R. § 240.15a-6.

o. Any other person, other than an individual, of institutional character with total assets in excess of five million dollars not organized for the specific purpose of evading this chapter.

p. Any other person specified by rule adopted or order issued under this chapter.

12."Insurance company" means a company organized as an insurance company whose primary business is writing insurance or reinsuring risks underwritten by insurance companies and which is subject to supervision by the insurance commissioner or a similar official or agency of a state.

13."Insured" means insured as to payment of all principal and all interest.

13A."Interest at the legal rate" means the interest rate for judgments specified in section 535.3.

14."International banking institution" means an international financial institution of which the United States is a member and whose securities are exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933.

15."Investment adviser" means a person that, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities or that, for compensation and as a part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities. The term includes a financial planner or other person that, as an integral component of other financially related services, provides investment advice to others for compensation as part of a business or that holds itself out as providing investment advice to others for compensation. The term does not include any of the following:

a. An investment adviser representative.

b. A lawyer, accountant, engineer, or teacher whose performance of investment advice is solely incidental to the practice of the person's profession.

c. A broker-dealer or its agents whose performance of investment advice is solely incidental to the conduct of business as a broker-dealer and who does not receive special compensation for the investment advice.

d. A publisher of a bona fide newspaper, news magazine, or business or financial publication of general and regular circulation.

e. A federal covered investment adviser.

f. A bank or savings institution.

g. Any other person that is excluded by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 from the definition of investment adviser.

h. Any other person excluded by rule adopted or order issued under this chapter.

16."Investment adviser representative" means an individual employed by or associated with an investment adviser or federal covered investment adviser and who makes any recommendations or otherwise gives investment advice regarding securities, manages accounts or portfolios of clients, determines which recommendation or advice regarding securities should be given, provides investment advice or holds oneself out as providing investment advice, receives compensation to solicit, offer, or negotiate for the sale of or for selling investment advice, or supervises employees who perform any of the foregoing. The term does not include an individual who does or is any of the following:

a. Performs only clerical or ministerial acts.

b. Is an agent whose performance of investment advice is solely incidental to the individual acting as an agent and who does not receive special compensation for investment advisory services.

c. Is employed by or associated with a federal covered investment adviser, unless the individual has a "place of business" in this state as that term is defined by rule adopted by the administrator pursuant to chapter 17A and is any of the following:

(1) An "investment adviser representative" as that term is defined by rule adopted under section 203A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-3a.

(2) Not a "supervised person" as that term is defined by rule adopted by the administrator pursuant to chapter 17A.

d. Is excluded by rule adopted or order issued under this chapter.

17."Issuer" means a person that issues or proposes to issue a security, subject to all of the following:

a. The issuer of a voting trust certificate, collateral trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, or share in an investment company without a board of directors or individuals performing similar functions is the person performing the acts and assuming the duties of depositor or manager pursuant to the trust or other agreement or instrument under which the security is issued.

b. The issuer of an equipment trust certificate or similar security serving the same purpose is the person by which the property is or will be used or to which the property or equipment is or will be leased or conditionally sold or that is otherwise contractually responsible for assuring payment of the certificate.

c. The issuer of a fractional undivided interest in an oil, gas, or other mineral lease or in payments out of production under a lease, right, or royalty is the owner of an interest in the lease or in payments out of production under a lease, right, or royalty, whether whole or fractional, that creates fractional interests for the purpose of sale.

d. With respect to a viatical settlement investment contract, "Issuer" means a person involved in creating, transferring, or selling to an investor any interest in such a contract, including but not limited to fractional or pooled interests, but does not include an agent or a broker-dealer.

18."Nonissuer transaction" or "nonissuer distribution" means a transaction or distribution not directly or indirectly for the benefit of the issuer.

19."Offer to purchase" includes an attempt or offer to obtain, or solicitation of an offer to sell, a security or interest in a security for value. The term does not include a tender offer that is subject to section 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78n(d).

20."Person" means an individual; corporation; business trust; estate; trust; partnership; limited liability company; association; cooperative; joint venture; government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation; or any other legal or commercial entity.

21."Place of business" of a broker-dealer, an investment adviser, or a federal covered investment adviser means any of the following:

a. An office at which the broker-dealer, investment adviser, or federal covered investment adviser regularly provides brokerage or investment advice or solicits, meets with, or otherwise communicates with customers or clients.

b. Any other location that is held out to the general public as a location at which the broker-dealer, investment adviser, or federal covered investment adviser provides brokerage or investment advice or solicits, meets with, or otherwise communicates with customers or clients.

22."Predecessor chapter" means this chapter as it existed on December 31, 2004.

23."Price amendment" means the amendment to a registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933 or, if an amendment is not filed, the prospectus or prospectus supplement filed under the Securities Act of 1933 that includes a statement of the offering price, underwriting and selling discounts or commissions, amount of proceeds, conversion rates, call prices, and other matters dependent upon the offering price.

24."Principal place of business" of a broker-dealer or an investment adviser means the executive office of the broker-dealer or investment adviser from which the officers, partners, or managers of the broker-dealer or investment adviser direct, control, and coordinate the activities of the broker-dealer or investment adviser.

25."Record", except in the phrases "of record", "official record", and "public record", means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

26."Sale" includes every contract of sale, contract to sell, or disposition of, a security or interest in a security for value, and "offer to sell" includes every attempt or offer to dispose of, or solicitation of an offer to purchase, a security or interest in a security for value. Both terms include all of the following:

a. A security given or delivered with, or as a bonus on account of, a purchase of securities or any other thing constituting part of the subject of the purchase and having been offered and sold for value.

b. A gift of assessable stock involving an offer and sale.

c. A sale or offer of a warrant or right to purchase or subscribe to another security of the same or another issuer and a sale or offer of a security that gives the holder a present or future right or privilege to convert the security into another security of the same or another issuer, including an offer of the other security.

27."Securities and exchange commission" means the United States securities and exchange commission.

27A."Securities and regulated industries bureau" means the securities and regulated industries bureau of the insurance division of the department of insurance and financial services.

28."Security" means a note; stock; treasury stock; security future; bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in a profit-sharing agreement; collateral trust certificate; preorganization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on a security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities, including an interest therein or based on the value thereof; put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency; or, in general, an interest or instrument commonly known as a "security"; or a certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing. All of the following shall apply to the term:

a. It includes both a certificated and an uncertificated security.

b. It does not include an insurance or endowment policy or annuity contract under which an insurance company promises to pay a fixed or variable sum of money either in a lump sum or periodically for life or other specified period.

c. It does not include any of the following:

(1) An interest in a contributory or noncontributory pension or welfare plan subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

(2) A certificate or tax credit issued or transferred pursuant to chapter 15E, subchapter VII.

d. It includes an investment in a common enterprise with the expectation of profits to be derived primarily from the efforts of a person other than the investor and a "common enterprise" means an enterprise in which the fortunes of the investor are interwoven with those of either the person offering the investment, a third party, or other investors.

e. It includes as a security an interest in a limited liability company or in a limited liability partnership or any class or series of such interest, including any fractional or other interest in such interest, provided "Security" does not include an interest in a limited liability company or a limited liability partnership if the person claiming that such an interest is not a security proves that all of the members of the limited liability company or limited liability partnership are actively engaged in the management of the limited liability company or limited liability partnership; provided that the evidence that members vote or have the right to vote, or the right to information concerning the business and affairs of the limited liability company or limited liability partnership, or the right to participate in management, shall not establish, without more, that all members are actively engaged in the management of the limited liability company or limited liability partnership.

f. It includes a viatical settlement investment contract.

29."Self-regulatory organization" means a national securities exchange registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a national securities association of broker-dealers registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the municipal securities rulemaking board established under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

30."Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to do any of the following:

a. To execute or adopt a tangible symbol.

b. To attach or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process.

31."State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

31A."Viatical settlement investment contract" means a contract entered into by a viatical settlement purchaser, to which the viator is not a party, to purchase a life insurance policy or an interest in the death benefits of a life insurance policy, which contract is entered into for the purpose of deriving economic benefit.

Iowa Code § 502.102

83 Acts, ch 169, §2; 85 Acts, ch 155, §23; 87 Acts, ch 53, §1, 2; 87 Acts, ch 181, §1; 91 Acts, ch 40, §3-5; 91 Acts, ch 230, §4, 5; 94 Acts, ch 1031, §6; 96 Acts, ch 1025, §1; 97 Acts, ch 114, §1 -4; 98 Acts, ch 1106, §1, 2, 24; 99 Acts, ch 134, §1 -3; 2001 Acts, ch 16, §5, 37; 2001 Acts, ch 55, §31, 38; 2001 Acts, ch 118, §1, 2; 2002 Acts, ch 1111, §2, 3; 2003 Acts, ch 44, § 89; 2003 Acts, ch 108, § 130; 2004 Acts, ch 1161, §1, 68; 2005 Acts, ch 19, §74; 2005 Acts, ch 135, §115; 2006 Acts, ch 1117, §5, 6; 2013 Acts, ch 124, §3; 2023 Acts, ch 19, § 2721

Amended by 2023 Iowa, ch 19, s 2721, eff. 7/1/2023.

Amended by 2013 Iowa, ch 124, s 3, eff. 7/1/2013.

C31, 35, §8581-c3; C39, §8581.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, §502.3; C77, 79, 81, §502.102; 81 Acts, ch 163, §1; 82 Acts, ch 1100, §24
83 Acts, ch 169, §2; 85 Acts, ch 155, §23; 87 Acts, ch 53, §1, 2; 87 Acts, ch 181, §1; 91 Acts, ch 40, §3 - 5; 91 Acts, ch 230, §4, 5; 94 Acts, ch 1031, §6; 96 Acts, ch 1025, §1; 97 Acts, ch 114, §1 - 4; 98 Acts, ch 1106, §1, 2, 24; 99 Acts, ch 134, §1 - 3; 2001 Acts, ch 16, §5, 37; 2001 Acts, ch 55, §31, 38; 2001 Acts, ch 118, §1, 2; 2002 Acts, ch 1111, §2, 3; 2003 Acts, ch 44, §89; 2003 Acts, ch 108, §130; 2004 Acts, ch 1161, §1, 68; 2005 Acts, ch 19, §74; 2005 Acts, ch 135, §115; 2006 Acts, ch 1117, §5, 6

Referred to in §235B.3, 235B.6, 252I.1, 421.17A, 422.10, 422.33, 508.31A, 508.32, 508.32A, 521A.14, 633D.2

Subsection 27A amended