N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 18 § 385.13

Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 50, December 11, 2024

Section 385.13 - Voluntary termination of employment and voluntary reduction of earning capacity (voluntary quit)

(a) Public assistance.

(1) For purposes of this section, the term voluntary quit means voluntary termination of employment and/or a reduction in earning capacity for the purpose of qualifying for initial or increased public assistance. Such term shall include individuals who provoke their own termination from employment or provoke an employer to reduce their work hours.

(2) An individual will be disqualified from receiving public assistance for a period specified in this subdivision if the social services official determines that such individual voluntarily quit his/her job.

(3) Public assistance will not be denied to a public assistance applicant or discontinued for a recipient of such public assistance who requests an increase in benefits, unless he/she has been provided a reasonable opportunity to explain why he/she terminated his/her employment or reduced his/her earning capacity or otherwise demonstrated that he/she did not terminate employment or reduce earning capacity for the purpose of qualifying for initial or increased public assistance.

(4) It is the responsibility of the applicant or recipient to provide reasons or otherwise demonstrate that his/her voluntary quit was not for the purpose of qualifying for initial or increased public assistance.

(5) Upon determining that the applicant or recipient voluntarily quit his/her job, the social services district must inform the individual that:

(i) he/she will be provided a reasonable opportunity to explain his/her reasons for such action or otherwise demonstrate that such action was not taken for the purpose of qualifying for initial or increased public assistance; and

(ii) it is his/her responsibility to provide reasons or otherwise demonstrate that such action was not taken for the purpose of qualifying for initial or increased public assistance.

(6) If the applicant or recipient provides reasons or other relevant information regarding his/her voluntary termination of employment or reduced earning capacity, the social services official must determine if the information is sufficient to conclude that the applicant or recipient did not terminate employment or reduce earning capacity to qualify for initial or increased assistance.

(i) If the information is determined to be sufficient, the applicant or recipient will receive or continue to receive public assistance if all other eligibility conditions are met.

(ii) If the information is determined not to be sufficient, the applicant or recipient will receive a notice of denial or intent to reduce or discontinue the public assistance benefits.

(7) If the applicant or recipient provides no reasons for his/her voluntary termination of employment or reduction in earning capacity, then the social services official must conclude that such action was taken with the intent to qualify for initial or increased public assistance.

(8) An applicant or recipient who has been determined by the social services official to have voluntarily terminated his/her employment or reduced his/her earning capacity for the purpose of qualifying for public assistance or increasing his/her public assistance benefits will be disqualified from receiving assistance as follows:

(i) as an applicant, for 90 days from the date of voluntary termination or reduced earning capacity;

(ii) as a recipient, such disqualification will be in accordance with the sanctions prescribed for noncompliance with employment requirements as specified in section 385.12(d) of this Part.

(b) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

(1) Voluntary quit: If an individual who is subject to SNAP work requirements voluntarily quits his/her job as described in this section without good cause, he/she is not eligible to participate in the SNAP program. Disqualification from participation must be in accordance with the provisions of this section for a SNAP applicant and section 385.12(e) of this Part for a SNAP recipient. This provision applies if the employment involved 30 hours or more per week or the weekly earnings were equivalent to the federal minimum wage multiplied by 30 hours, and the individual voluntarily quit his/her job within 30 days prior to the date of application for SNAP benefits or any time thereafter.

(2) Reduction of work effort: The reduction of work effort provision applies if, before the reduction, the individual was employed 30 hours or more per week and reduced his/her earnings to less than 30 hours multiplied by the federal minimum wage; the reduction occurred within a period of 30 days prior to the date of application for SNAP benefits or any time thereafter; and the reduction was voluntary and without good cause.

(3) Minor variations in an individual's work hours or weekly minimum wage equivalent wages must be taken into consideration when assessing a SNAP recipient's compliance with work rules. Minor variations that are not expected to be of an ongoing nature shall not be considered a reduction in work effort or result in an individual who is exempt due to the hours of employment or minimum wage becoming a work registrant.

(4) Benefits may not be delayed beyond the normal processing times as specified in section 387.14 of this Title pending the outcome of the determination of whether the applicant voluntarily quit his/her job.

(5) In the case of a SNAP applicant household, it must be determined if any household member subject to SNAP work requirements voluntarily quit his or her job or reduced his or her work effort without good cause within a period of 30 days prior to the date of application.

(6) In the case of a SNAP applicant household, if the household has lost a source of income or experienced a reduction in income after the date of application, but before the household is certified, it must be determined whether a voluntary quit or reduction in work effort occurred.

(7) In the case of a SNAP applicant household where a voluntary quit without good cause by a household member has been established, the household member must be disqualified from the SNAP program for a period of time as outlined below, provided, however, that the time period of such disqualification shall begin on the date of the application for SNAP benefits.

(i) For the first instance of voluntary quit or reduction in work effort without good cause, a period of 30 days and thereafter until the individual complies with the requirements of this section as determined by the social services district.

(ii) For the second instance of voluntary quit or reduction in work effort without good cause, a period of 90 days and thereafter until the individual complies with the requirements of this section as determined by the social services district.

(iii) For the third and all subsequent instances of voluntary quit or reduction in work effort without good cause, a period of 180 days and thereafter until the individual complies with the requirements of this section as determined by the social services district.

(8)

(i) In the case of a SNAP recipient where a willful and without good cause voluntary quit or reduction in work effort by an individual has been established, including where the voluntary quit by the individual occurred prior to application or between application and certification, but which was discovered after certification, the individual must be disqualified from participation in accordance with the provisions of section 385.12(e) of this Part; provided, however, that the period of disqualification begins with the first month after all normal procedures for taking adverse action have been followed unless a fair hearing is requested and the household requests that SNAP benefits be continued without change. In such case, the disqualification period may not begin until the fair hearing request is withdrawn, the individual fails to appear or a fair hearing decision upholding the social services district's action is issued. An individual whose voluntary quit occurs or is determined in the last month of his/her certification period must be denied recertification for a disqualification period established pursuant to the provisions of section 385.12(e) of this Part beginning with the first month after the certification period ends. If such individual does not recertify, the disqualification period begins with the month after the month in which the voluntary quit occurred, and a claim must be established for any benefits received by the household during that period of ineligibility.

(ii) In the case of a recipient where a voluntary quit by a member of the household has been established, the provisions of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph apply, and the sanction will only apply to the needs of the disqualified member.

(9) A household member who is an employee of any federal, State or local government who is dismissed from his/her job due to participation in a strike is deemed to have voluntarily quit his/her job. The social services official must evaluate such a voluntary quit in accordance with the requirements of this subdivision. However, terminating a self-employment enterprise or resigning a job at the employer's demand cannot be considered a voluntary quit for purposes of this subdivision. In addition, for an individual who quits a job, secures new and comparable employment, but through no fault of his/her own, loses the new job, the earlier quit must not be considered a voluntary quit.

(10) Persons who, at the time they terminated employment were exempt from the requirement to participate in SNAP work requirements pursuant to section 385.3 of this Part, are exempt from the voluntary quit provisions.

(11) Applicants and recipients must be provided with appropriate notice as specified in section 387.20 of this Title if they are disqualified from participation due to a determination of voluntary quit. Such notification must contain the proposed period of disqualification, notice of the household's or a household member's right to reapply in order to resume participation at the end of the disqualification period established pursuant to the provisions of section 385.12(e) of this Part, and notice of such person's right to a fair hearing.

(12) A person who has been disqualified for a voluntary quit and who joins a new household remains ineligible for the remainder of the disqualification period.

(13) If an application is filed in the last month of disqualification, the social services official must use the same application for the denial of benefits in the remaining month of disqualification and for certification for any subsequent month(s) if all other eligibility criteria are met.

(14) Good cause for leaving employment or reducing work hours.

(i) Prior to any action to deny or terminate eligibility, the social services official must determine whether there was good cause for terminating employment or reducing the hours of work to a total of less than 30 hours per week. In determining whether or not good cause exists, the social services official must consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including information submitted by the individual who quit or reduced his/her hours and by the current or former employer of such member. A determination of good cause will be made where the social services official finds that employment was terminated due to:

(a) discrimination by an employer based on age, race, sex, color, handicap, religious beliefs, national origin or political beliefs;

(b) work demands or conditions that rendered continued employment unreasonable, such as not being paid on schedule;

(c) acceptance by the individual of employment or enrollment of at least half-time in any recognized school, training program or institution of higher education, that required the individual to leave employment;

(d) acceptance by any other household member of employment or enrollment at least half-time in any recognized school, training program or institution of higher education in another county or similar political subdivision which required the household to move and thereby required the individual to leave employment;

(e) resignations by persons under the age of 60 which are recognized by the employer as retirement;

(f) acceptance of a bona fide offer of employment of 30 hours per week or which on a weekly basis yields earnings of at least 30 times the federal minimum wage but which, because of circumstances beyond the individual's control, subsequently did not materialize or which resulted in employment of less than 30 hours per week or which pays less than 30 times the federal minimum wage on a weekly basis;

(g) leaving a job in connection with patterns of employment in which workers frequently move from one employer to another such as migrant farm labor or construction work; and

(h) resignation from a job which is unsuitable pursuant to the criteria specified in paragraph (15) of this subdivision.

(ii) Questionable information pertaining to a voluntary quit must be verified. The social services district must offer assistance to the household in order to assist it to obtain needed verification. Whenever documentary evidence cannot be obtained, the social services district must substitute a possible collateral source. If the household and social services district are unable to obtain the requested verification because the voluntary quit resulted from circumstances that for good reason cannot be verified (such as a resignation from employment due to discrimination practices, unreasonable demands by an employer, or because the employer cannot be located), the household cannot be denied access to or terminated from participation in the program.

(15) Any SNAP employment is considered unsuitable if:

(i) the wage offered is less than the highest of the applicable Federal minimum wage, the applicable State minimum wage, or 80 percent of the Federal minimum wage, if neither the Federal nor State minimum wage is applicable;

(ii) the employment is offered on a piece-rate basis and the average hourly yield the employee can reasonably expect to earn is less than the applicable hourly wages as specified in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph;

(iii) the household member, as a condition of employment, must join, resign from, or refrain from joining a legitimate labor organization; or

(iv) the work is at a site subject to a strike or lockout at the time of the offer, unless the strike has been enjoined under section 208 of the Labor-Management Relations Act, commonly known as the Taft-Hartley Act, or unless an injunction has been issued under section 10 of the Railway Labor Act.

(16) In addition, employment is suitable unless the household member involved demonstrates or the social services district otherwise becomes aware that:

(i) the degree of risk to health and safety is unreasonable;

(ii) medical evidence or other reliable information documents that the individual is physically or mentally unfit to perform the job;

(iii) the employment offered is not within the individual's major field of experience; however, this provision only applies during the first 30 days after the date of registration;

(iv) the distance from the individual's home to the place of employment is unreasonable. In determining reasonability, the social services district shall consider the expected wage and the time and cost of commuting. Employment must not be considered suitable if daily commuting time exceeds two hours per day, not including the time involved in transporting of a child to and from a child care facility. Employment may also be considered unsuitable if the distance to the place of employment makes walking prohibitive and neither public nor private transportation is available;

(v) the working hours or type of employment conflicts with the individual's religious observance, convictions or beliefs; or

(vi) the individual lacks adequate child care for children in the household who are under age 13.

(17) Ending a voluntary quit or reduction in hours disqualification.

(i) An individual may reestablish eligibility after the end of his/her disqualification period if he/she applies and is otherwise eligible, and if he/she:

(a) complies with the requirements of this section and of this Part as determined by the social services district, or

(b) secures new employment which is comparable in salary or hours to the job which was quit; however, comparable employment may entail fewer hours or lower net salary than the job which was quit; or

(c) becomes exempt from SNAP work requirements pursuant to section 385.3 of this Part.

(ii) Eligibility may be reestablished during a disqualification, and the individual, if otherwise eligible, may be permitted to resume participation if the individual becomes exempt from SNAP work requirements pursuant to the provisions of section 385.3(a) of this Part.

(iii) Except in cases of permanent disqualification, following the end of a disqualification, if an application for SNAP benefits is filed in the final month of the mandatory disqualification period, the social services district shall use the same application for the denial of benefits in the remaining month of disqualification and for the certification for any subsequent month(s) if all other eligibility criteria are met.

N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. Tit. 18 § 385.13

Amended New York State Register January 9, 2019/Volume XLI, Issue 02, eff. 1/15/2019