Opinion
22-CV-5229 (KPF) (KHP)
05-30-2023
Zuru (Singapore) PTE, Ltd., and Zuru Inc., Plaintiffs, v. The Individuals, Corporations, Limited Liability Companies, Partnerships, and Unincorporated Associations Identified on Schedule A, Defendants.
INQUEST REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
KATHARINE H. PARKER UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
TO: THE HONORABLE KATHERINE POLK FAILLA, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FROM: KATHARINE H. PARKER, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE.
Plaintiffs, Zuru (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and Zuru Inc., brought these actions seeking relief against 233 Defendant merchant storefronts that have marketed and sold counterfeit versions of Plaintiffs' Robo Fish product on the internet. Plaintiffs asserted claims for trademark infringement under the Federal Trademark (“Lanham”) Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1114; unlawful counterfeiting under 15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1)(a)-(b); false designation of origin under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a); copyright infringement under Copyright Act of 1976, 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq; unfair competition under New York common law. (Compl., ECF No. 1.) None of the Defendants answered or moved with respect to the complaint though some of the Defendants were voluntarily dismissed. Plaintiff moved for a default judgement against certain Defendants as identified in the Third Amended Schedule A(“Defaulting Defendants”). (ECF Nos. 72-75.) The Honorable Katherine Polk Failla granted Plaintiffs' motion, finding Defaulting Defendants liable for willful federal trademark infringement and counterfeiting under 15 U.S.C. § 1114, false designation of origin under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), copyright infringement under 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., and violation of unfair competition under New York common law.
At the time the motion was filed, the Defendants were identified in a Second Amended Schedule A at ECF No. 82, and Plaintiff subsequently updated the Schedule. The operative schedule is attached as Exhibit 1 to this Report and Recommendation and is the operative Schedule.
Judge Failla then referred this matter to the undersigned for a recommendation on damages. After review of the submissions, which were uncontested by the Defaulting Defendants, I respectfully recommend that Plaintiff be awarded the damages set forth below.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Zuru is a leading manufacturer and distributor in the toy industry. (Xu Decl. ¶ 6.) Robo Fish is a line of robotic toys that swim when dropped into water. Plaintiffs registered and own federal trademarks for Robo Fish and Robo Alive. (Id. at ¶ 4.) Plaintiffs also own various copyrights for the Robo Fish products. (Id. at ¶ 5.)
Since August 2011, Plaintiffs have engaged in substantial marketing and promotion efforts to widely market and promote the Robo Fish products and marks in the industry and to consumers. (Id. at ¶ 7.) Their efforts include substantial print media, the Robo Fish website, social media, and point of sale materials. (Id.) Because of the time, money, and resources invested in advertising and promoting the Robo Fish trademarks, relevant retailers, consumers, and the public have become familiar with the Robo Fish products and associate the products with Plaintiffs. (Id. at ¶ 8.)
The success of the Robo Fish products has resulted in counterfeiting, and Plaintiffs have identified numerous marketplace listings on platforms including Alibaba, AliExpress, Amazon, eBay, Walmart, and Wish.com where counterfeit products are being sold. (Id. at ¶ 9-10.)
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Plaintiffs commenced this action on June 22, 2022 (ECF No. 1.) Also on June 22, 2022, Plaintiffs sought (a) a temporary restraining order against all defendants from infringing Zuru's copyrights and trademark; (b) temporary transfer of control of defendants' online stores; (c) a temporary restraint of some of the defendants' assets “to preserve Plaintiffs' right to an equitable accounting”; (d) expedited discovery; (e) permission to effectuate service by email and electronic publication; and (f) an order requiring defendants to show cause why a preliminary injunction should not issue. (See ECF No. 5.) On the same day, the Court granted Plaintiffs' application for a temporary restraining order and granted alternative service on the Defendants. (ECF No. 20.) On July 25, 2022, Plaintiffs served defendants according to the methods the Court permitted. (ECF No. 36.) In the inquest hearing and by letter following the hearing on May 22, 2023, Plaintiffs attested that they communicated in some form with 50 of the Defaulting Defendants after the Complaint was served. (ECF No. 106.)
The TRO was extended multiple times, including on June 29, 2022, July 13, 2022, and July 20, 2022 at the Plaintiff's request. (ECF Nos. 27, 29, 35.) A preliminary injunction hearing was held on August 9. 2022, and a preliminary injunction was entered. (ECF Nos. 44, 46.) The order temporarily enjoined and restrained Defendants from using Robo Fish trademarks and copyrights; passing off, inducing, or enabling others to sell of pass off any products as a genuine Robo Fish product; competing unfairly with Plaintiffs; and otherwise infringing on Plaintiffs' trademarks and copyrights. (ECF No. 46.) Judge Failla also ordered financial institutions that provide services to the Defendants temporarily block money transfers and funds out of Defendants' accounts. (Id.) Upon Plaintiff's motion for default against Defaulting Defendants who remained in the case, Judge Failla granted Plaintiffs' motion, finding Defaulting Defendants liable for willful federal trademark infringement and counterfeiting under 15 U.S.C. § 1114, false designation of origin under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), copyright infringement under 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., and violation of unfair competition under New York common law. (ECF No. 89.) As part of her order, Judge Failla made provisions of the Preliminary Injunction, including the restriction against transfers and use and sale of infringing products permanent. (Id.)
On May 16, 2023, the Court held a hearing on damages. None of the Defendants attended the conference though the Defendants were given notice. (ECF Nos. 91, 104.)
DISCUSSION
A. Legal Standard
Under Section 35(a) of the Lanham Act, a trademark owner may choose to recover either actual or statutory damages. 15 U.S.C. § 1117(a), (c); Gucci Am., Inc. v. MyReplicaHandbag.com, 2008 WL 512789, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 26, 2008). If a trademark owner opts to recover statutory damages, it may be awarded “not less than $1,000 or more than $200,000 per counterfeit mark” or “if the court finds that the use of the counterfeit was willful, not more than $2,000,000 per counterfeit mark.” 15 U.S.C. § 1117(c)(1), (2); see Cengage Learning, Inc. v. Shi, No. No. 2017 WL 1063463 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 21, 2017). Section 1117(c) was enacted to address the difficulty of calculating actual damages caused by counterfeiters. See, e.g., Gucci America, Inc. v. Duty Free Apparel, Ltd., 315 F.Supp.2d 511, 520 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) (“Congress added the statutory damages provision of the Lanham Act in 1995 because ‘counterfeiters' records are frequently nonexistent, inadequate, or deceptively kept . . . making proving actual damages in these cases extremely difficult if not impossible.'”) (quoting S. Rep. No. 104-177, at 10 (Nov. 28, 1995)), amended in part, 328 F.Supp.2d 439 (2004); Tiffany (NJ) Inc. v. Luban, 282 F.Supp.2d 123, 124 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 11, 2003) (same). Section 1117(c), however, “does not provide guidelines for courts to use in determining an appropriate award . . . as it is only limited by what the court considers just.” Gucci America, Inc., 315 F.Supp.2d at 520 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
The Copyright Act has an analogous provision that allows a copyright owner to collect statutory damages. If a copyright owner opts to recover statutory damages, it may be awarded “not less than $750 or more than $30,000” or, if the court finds that infringement was committed willfully, the court may increase the award to a sum of no more than $150,000. 15 U.S.C. § 504(c).
Many courts have analogized the Lanham Act to the Copyright Act and have considered the following factors in setting statutory damage awards under both Acts: (1) “the expenses saved and the profits reaped;” (2) “the revenues lost by the plaintiff;” (3) “the value of the copyright [or trademark];” (4) “the deterrent effect on others besides the defendant;” (5) “whether the defendant's conduct was innocent or willful;” (6) “whether a defendant has cooperated in providing particular records from which to assess the value of the infringing material produced;” and (7) “the potential for discouraging the defendant.” Fitzgerald Pub. Co., Inc. v. Baylor Pub. Co., Inc., 807 F.2d 1110, 1117 (2d Cir. 1986); Philip Morris USA Inc. v. A & V Minimarket, Inc., 592 F.Supp.2d 669, 673 (S.D.N.Y. 2009); Cengage Learning, Inc. v. Bhargava, 2017 WL 9802833, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 22, 2017), report and recommendation adopted, 2018 WL 1989574 (S.D.N.Y. April 25, 2018).
B. Recommended Damages
Plaintiffs seek statutory damages under the Copyright Act. After reviewing the factors, I recommend that Plaintiff's request for $50,000 in statutory damages under the copyright law against each Defaulting Defendant be granted for the reasons that follow.
With respect to the first, second, and sixth factors, Defendants conduct - including their failure to appear, answer or otherwise respond to the Complaint, and comply with any of the Court orders - has made it impossible to determine Defendants' profits or sales or to assess any revenues lost by Plaintiff as a result of Defendants infringement. William Mark Corp. v. 1&CC, 2019 WL 4195365, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. May 20, 2019), report and recommendation adopted, 2019 WL 4194536 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 3, 2019); see also DC Comics, Inc. v. Bobtron Int'l, Inc., 1990 WL 106771, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. July 25, 1990) (“The lack of information regarding defendants' sales and profits make statutory damages particularly appropriate for these kinds of default cases). These factors all support an award of statutory damages.
With regard to the third factor, Plaintiffs maintain that the Robo Fish product has achieved great success and acquired a valuable reputation and goodwill among the public through significant promotional efforts by Plaintiffs. (Compl. ¶¶ 23, 26; Xu Decl. ¶¶ 6-8, ECF No. 9.) At the hearing held on May 16, 2023, Plaintiffs' counsel stated that the products are typically sold at around $10 a fish or $40 for a set, depending on where the product was sold, but that the infringing products were typically sold for anywhere from $8 a fish to $2 a fish. Plaintiffs allege the product has established an international reputation for quality, reliability and value and is credited with breakthroughs in the toy industry. (Compl. ¶ 22.)
Factor five has already been addressed above - the Defendants' willful conduct. The Court already found Defendants' behavior was willful. (Order Granting Default Judgment, ECF No. 89.) This willful behavior counsels in favor of a statutory damages award that acts as a deterrent to these Defendants and other merchants according to the fourth factor. See Bumble and Bumble, LLC v. Pro's Choice Beauty Care, Inc., 2016 WL 658310, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 17, 2016), report and recommendation adopted, 2016 WL 1717215 (S.D.N.Y. April 27, 2016) (“The need to deter other counterfeiters is particularly compelling given the apparent extent of counterfeit activity.”).
While the requested award of $50,000 per Defaulting Defendant in statutory damages is substantial, this number is far below the statutory maximum of $150,000 dollars for willful violations. Plaintiffs' counsel stated at the hearing that they arrived at this number by looking at various factors including the deterring effect an award would have and the fact that Defendants were selling the infringing products online, which allows them to reach a wide audience. Plaintiffs' requested damages of $50,000 is well within the range of statutory damages awarded by courts in similar cases. See, e.g., William Mark Corp., 2019 WL 4195365, at *9 (awarding statutory damages of $50,000 to plaintiff toy manufacturer against defendants who sold counterfeit products on Wish.com); Tangle, Inc. v. Individuals, Corps., Ltd. Liab. Companies, Partnerships, And Unincorporated Associations Identified On Schedule A Hereto, 2022 WL 2442302, at *8 (S.D.N.Y. June 29, 2022), report and recommendation adopted in part sub nom. 2022 WL 3098306 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 4, 2022) (same). Further, on April 18, 2023, in a similar case that involved Plaintiffs and Robo Fish, the Honorable Lorna G. Schofield awarded $50,000 in statutory damages against each defaulting defendant. Zuru (Singapore) PTE., LTD. v. Individuals, Corps., Ltd. Liab. Companies, Partnerships, & Unincorporated Associations Identified on Schedule A Hereto, 2023 WL 2747055, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 31, 2023), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. 2023 WL 2986932 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 18, 2023). Based on the number of Defaulting Defendants in the Third Amended Schedule, 180 Defaulting Defendants, the recommended total statutory damages award amounts to $9,000,000.
C. Permanent Injunction
Plaintiff also requests the entry of a permanent injunction. However, the Court already ordered a permanent injunction. The Order granting a Default Judgment provides that all Defaulting Defendants were permanently enjoined and restrained from using the Robo Fish trademark and copyright. (Order Granting Default Judgment 3-5, ECF No. 89.) Therefore, I do not address this further.
D. Asset Freeze
Lastly, Plaintiff requests the entry of a post-judgment asset freeze and transfer of Defaulting Defendants' frozen assets. The Court previously ordered an asset freeze (Order Granting Default Judgment 3-5, ECF No. 89) but did not yet order transfer of those assets to Plaintiff. Courts in this district routinely order transfer of infringing defendants' frozen assets to the Plaintiff in similar cases pursuant to Rule 64 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Off- White LLC v. Warm House Store, 2019 WL 418501, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 17, 2019); Spin Master Ltd. v. Alan Yuan's Store, 325 F.Supp.3d 413, 428 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) (same); WowWee Grp. Ltd. v. Haoqin, 2 019 WL 1316106, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 22, 2019). Therefore, I recommend awarding transfer of the frozen assets to Plaintiff until monetary judgment is satisfied.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, I respectfully recommend that the default judgment be granted against Defendants and in favor of Plaintiff for the total amount of statutory damages of $9,000,000 (that is, $50,000 per Defendant), and post-judgment interest.
NOTICE
The parties shall have fourteen days from the service of this Report and Recommendation to file written objections pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Rule 72(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See also Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), (d) (adding three additional days only when service is made under Fed.R.Civ.P. 5(b)(2)(C) (mail), (D) (leaving with the clerk), or (F) (other means consented to by the parties)).
If a Defendant files written objections to this Report and Recommendation, Plaintiffs may respond to the objections within fourteen days after being served with a copy. Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b)(2). If Plaintiffs file written objections, Defendants may respond to such objections within fourteen days after being served with a copy. Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b)(2); see also Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), (d). Such objections shall be filed with the Clerk of the Court, with courtesy copies delivered to the chambers of the Honorable Katherine Polk Failla at the United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, New York, New York 10007, and to any opposing parties. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), 6(d), 72(b). Any requests for an extension of time for filing objections must be addressed to Judge Failla. The failure to file these timely objections will result in a waiver of those objections for purposes of appeal. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), 6(d), 72(b); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140 (1985).
Exhibit 1
THIRD AMENDED SCHEDULE A TO COMPLAINT
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 1. | Fuzhou Yibo Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd. | https://fzybdzsw.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 2. | Hainan Lanhai Shipping Co., Ltd. | https://lanhaishipping.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 3. | Hebei Dicun Trading Co., Ltd. | https://hbdicun.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 4. | Kunshan Yimeige Trading Co., Ltd. | https://ksymg.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 5. | Linhai Fantasy Lighting Co., Ltd. | https://fantasylighting.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 7. | Shanghai Koln Supply Chain Co., Ltd. | https://sh-kls.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 8. | Shantou Capable Toys Co., Ltd. | https://mhtoys.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 9. | Shenzhen Aoyouji Technology Co., Ltd. | https://aoyouj i.en.alibaba.com/mini siteentrance. html |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 10. | Shenzhen Heyri Technology Co., Ltd. | https://heyripet.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 13. | Xiamen Hongxiang Trading Co., Ltd. | https://xmhxsm.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 14. | Yiwu Bingxuan Import & Export Co., Ltd. | https://bingxuan.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 15. | Yiwu Melinashine Import & Export Co., Ltd. | https://melinashine.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 17. | Yiwu Qifeng Import And Export Co., Ltd. | https://ywqifeng.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 18. | Yiwu Quanfa Import & Export Company Limited | https://ywquanfagroup.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 19. | Yiwu Qucheng Pet Supplies Co., Ltd. | https://qucheng-cn.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 20. | Yiwu Sutiaoqi Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd. | https://cn1526487824rrcv.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 21. | Yiwu Xunao Trading Co., Ltd. | https://xunao0823.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 22. | Zhejiang Yingye Technology Co., Ltd. | https://yykjchina.en.alibaba.com/minisiteentrance.html |
| 23. | Akida Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912430013 |
| 24. | Ali6689 Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912074200 |
| 25. | BDin Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912187239 |
| 26. | Brad's Secret | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1424159 |
| 27. | chenghaiyang001 Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912673047 |
| 28. | Chetitay Official Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1101721014 |
| 29. | CHIANGK Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/911509084 |
| 30. | CSFLY Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912056009 |
| 31. | Daria Pets Store | https:// www.aliexpress.com/store/1101804061 |
| 32. | DingStay Decor Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912619568 |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 33. | ESGOT Store | https:// www .aliexpress.com/store/911523002 |
| 34. | Forest Furnishing and Living Supplies Store Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912459083 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 36. | HasbroAnime Figures Toy Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/911240179 |
| 37. | HEMENG Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/911796265 |
| 38. | HeyZone Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912662654 |
| 39. | HGLEGYW partys Store | http s://www.ali expres s.com/store/5877510 |
| 40. | JIARUIHD HOME Official Store | https://www. aliexpress.com/store/912338903 |
| 41. | jiongjiong pet Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1102055478 |
| 42. | JUNPAN Toys official Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100129023 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 44. | LEYIPET Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/5603419 |
| 45. | Nanqi Life Museum Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/4551004 |
| 46. | Neko Ori Store | https://www.aliexpress. com/store/1100299214 |
| 47. | NiyaPet Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/911820181 |
| 48. | NOJOY Creative Toy Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100220989 |
| 49. | OUR TOY Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1101280243 |
| 50. | OutDooree K Store | https:// www .aliexpress.com/store/4420112 |
| 51. | Pet supplies grocery store Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100088265 |
| 52. | Pets Acessories Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/912252031 |
| 53. | Pets Word Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/3240108 |
| 54. | Shop1100026065 Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1101978331 |
| 55. | Shop1100088327 Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100088327 |
| 56. | Shop1100173083 Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100173083 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 58. | TopSlime Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1101420766 |
| 59. | Value Minute Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/5403033 |
| 60. | Vieruodis Lights Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/1100135184 |
| 61. | yemoption Official Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/900252307 |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 62. | Yokibo Store | https://www.aliexpress.com/store/911737162 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 64. | CANHONGSHANG WU | https://www.amazon.com/sp? seller=A2DEGPHMUTF 6CD |
| 65. | cuikaihuadedian | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A3VM9Z6GCABX4R |
| 66. | dayushuhua | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=ANJPIJUVJNS6Z |
| 67. | DingSuQin333 | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=ASYRVEY0WKN58 |
| 68. | dusheguangde dian | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A2DUAOS5UZ5DOO |
| 69. | Flying lizard department store | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A3D1TZLOAUFO4S |
| 70. | gfagkfgk | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A2T850CXHFH0N9 |
| 71. | keiawe | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A30RKHDR5BXEGV |
| 72. | LeiYiXuanShangMao | https://www.amazon.com/sp? seller=A 12MRQYU 8EZ2OR |
| 73. | liangzhenzhensuya | http s://www.amazon.com/ sp? seller=A2YXXQ7G02JUGF |
| 74. | LingJun Lingjun Department Store | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A34QNRTJU0J9NI |
| 75. | lovekiko | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A1K95LHCMD3GPX |
| 76. | MaPinKa | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A266GLJO6YASII |
| 77. | MAZ-guohuadamaicang | https:// www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A21533B 3JVWLIE |
| 78. | meilingwang1962 | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A1P3XDYMFBVQMR |
| 79. | mountap | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A3FLTK8NGY472W |
| 80. | Omansa | https://www.amazon.com/sp? seller=A2CZ 1CVIIDABVY |
| 81. | Store Honey | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A2XSY9ZUS3KPF1 |
| 82. | TENGDALIN | https://www.amazon.co.uk/sp?seller=A179UNJI34B1KM |
| 83. | tiexiqubohanbaihuosh anghang | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A2N6JIYW313F1C |
| 84. | (IMAGE OMITTED) | https://www.amazon.com/sp?seller=A373N25POL2L4S |
| 85. | smokeclub | https://www.dhgate.com/store/about-us/21693875.html |
| 86. | youngstore10 | https://www.dhgate.com/store/about-us/21697484.html |
| 87. | znc store | https://www.dhgate.com/store/about-us/21785103.html |
| 88. | abbabm.0doxsix | https://www.ebay.com/usr/abbabm.0doxsix |
| 89. | all.in.one.place | https://www.ebay.com/usr/all.in.one.place |
| 90. | allyouneedusa | https://www.ebay.com/usr/allyouneedusa |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 92. | anuranishan17 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/anuranishan17 |
| 93. | bargaingiftatozatoz | https://www.ebay.com/usr/bargaingiftatozatoz |
| (Redacted) |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 95. | best 4-u | https://www.ebay.com/usr/best 4-u |
| 96. | bluebells 5 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/bluebells 5 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 98. | brandonaio | https://www.ebay.com/usr/brandonaio |
| 99. | ceylon-master | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ceylon-master |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 102. | danielbond247 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/danielbond247 |
| 103. | dojef-25 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/dojef-25 |
| 104. | ed-edrit-lacsdyw | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ed-edrit-lacsdyw |
| 105. | eha-logistics | https://www.ebay.com/usr/eha-logistics |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 108. | fuyetoy7 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/fuyetoy7 |
| 109. | grayfoxtradings | https://www. ebay.com/usr/grayfoxtradings |
| 110. | grovesbest | https://www.ebay.com/usr/grovesbest |
| 111. | hot sales765 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/hot sales765 |
| 112. | ibrmusl21 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ibrmusl21 |
| 113. | impreo-store | https://www.ebay.com/usr/impreo-store |
| 114. | induwar-95 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/induwar-95 |
| 115. | itay-shop-4u | https://www.ebay.com/usr/itay-shop-4u |
| 116. | jayaseen | https://www.ebay.com/usr/jayaseen |
| 117. | kenzyblaneshop | https:// www .ebay. com/usr/kenzyblaneshop |
| 118. | laoak-98 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/laoak-98 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 120. | levi.009 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/levi.009 |
| 121. | lilinshopil | https://www.ebay.com/usr/lilinshopil |
| 122. | maayankatz 09 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/maayankatz 09 |
| 123. | metresproducts | https://www.ebay.com/usr/metresproducts |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 125. | mike hometrendsstore | https://www.ebay.com/usr/mike hometrendsstore |
| 126. | mooshops-il | https://www.ebay.com/usr/mooshops-il |
| 127. | motty-half | https://www.ebay.com/usr/motty-half |
| 128. | mr-store 4 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/mr-store 4 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 130. | nature-ceylon-products | https://www.ebay.com/usr/nature-ceylon-products |
| 131. | noamstalkal | https://www.ebay.com/usr/noamstalkal |
| 132. | oat-8967 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/oat-8967 |
| 133. | ofedanie-5 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ofedanie-5 |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| 134. | orelmelech | https://www.ebay.com/usr/orelmelech |
| 135. | qiuhai08a | https://www.ebay.com/usr/qiuhai08a |
| 136. | raziii outlet | https://www.ebay.com/usr/raziii outlet |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 139. | sayar12 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ sayar 12 |
| 140. | sed online | https://www.ebay.com/usr/sed online |
| 141. | sewwandi 25 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/sewwandi 25 |
| 143. | sisiztore | http s://www.ebay.com/usr/si siztore |
| 144. | smiling-sid-ltd | https://www.ebay.com/usr/smiling-sid-ltd |
| 145. | smithselections | https://www.ebay.com/usr/smithselections |
| 146. | snap-buy | https://www.ebay.com/usr/snap-buy |
| 147. | st5147 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/st5147 |
| 148. | stockbuddiez | https://www. ebay.com/usr/ stockbuddiez |
| 149. | stock-market-store | https://www.ebay.com/usr/ stock-market-store |
| 150. | thilfern-68 | https://www.ebay.com/usr/thilfern-68 |
| 151. | wwshopping | https://www.ebay.com/usr/wwshopping |
| 152. | yair.levy | https://www.ebay.com/usr/yair.levy |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 158. | Blirik | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101175999 |
| 159. | Comdar | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101173377 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 161. | Danjastic | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/ seller/101135994 |
| 162. | Dolegur | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101109694 |
| 163. | Donewelo | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101136693 |
| 164. | Eastjing | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101130944 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 166. | EOSWLADO | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101173133 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 170. | Fortioo | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101106758 |
| (Redacted) |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 173. | Gukom | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101176319 |
| 174. | Heopbird | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101172802 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 181. | LANDAF US | http s://www.walmart.com/reviews/ seller/101043409 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 184. | Merzam | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101136588 |
| 185. | Miruku | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101176344 |
| 186. | Nafxzy | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101126933 |
| 187. | Nowsnde | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/ seller/101174194 |
| 188. | Otolemur | https://www.walmart.com/seller/101173596 |
| 189. | Pakainn | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101131388 |
| 190. | Peantoia | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101115754 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 192. | Quintina | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101133724 |
| 193. | Ranludas | http s://www.walmart.com/reviews/ seller/101126134 |
| 194. | shenzhenshij ingyunsh angmaoyouxiangongsi | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101120513 |
| 195. | Smileol | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101113032 |
| 196. | Sunshine store Line | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101093376 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 200. | Vadunsuz | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101131395 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 205. | Winner to Buy | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101073453 |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 208. | Xmastr | http s://www.walmart. com/reviews/ seller/101173591 |
| 209. | Yszodd | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101123894 |
| No. | Defendants | Defendants Online Marketplace(s) |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 211. | YunDaPeng | https://www.walmart.com/reviews/seller/101043415 |
| 212. | A POMN | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f0e7ba0679eb6ed4038e03a |
| 213. | A TTPG | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f0ebc5525cf944842eadb3d |
| 214. | Ashley ay | https://www.wish.com/merchant/6152afebaf5fa3d98313b999 |
| 215. | BaiJie58flb | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f66e64dd9e21e3f1ff36943 |
| 216. | BuBudu | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ec37ebf80f8ee07eefacb9c |
| 217. | dongcaixia2069 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ec266f0a25bb4e65e57bd2e |
| 218. | E UOMM | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f0ec1bb29e7866a0693e2e0 |
| 219. | M TUOP | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f0eb2857ab3bc86b85df28b |
| (Redacted) | ||
| 221. | shicaifeng4153 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ec20ae28de17c31574d8fe0 |
| 222. | tanzheng Store | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f83d4be2977ebcfe0cc5ac8 |
| 223. | W UUON | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f0eb77065cec89e447a533c |
| 224. | wangchangbin 1607 | http s://www.wish.com/merchant/ 5ec36f8cbdf8615044537dc9 |
| 225. | wangmie Store | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f799a2b996f23b81e50c474 |
| 226. | yanwenkai Store | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5f840bb14c90789dbaf714c1 |
| 227. | YZJMALL | https://www.wish.com/merchant/6083ef15a5910914004bac2e |
| 228. | zhanghai1660 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ea926101e0b9bcb9abcd4c7 |
| 229. | zhanglijuan1270 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ea8f24fab89f596c631eb34 |
| 230. | zhangzihui8237 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/6190a24b50ec13d28926c689 |
| 231. | zhaojinlong4865 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ec3a98228d25c99fbef5553 |
| 232. | zhaoting hggff5 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5e6af1d089881 a3021538159 |
| 233. | zhongyi7393 | https://www.wish.com/merchant/5ea91b3529e78632406604de |