Opinion
CR 01-986
Opinion delivered December 5, 2002
1. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION. — Where ineffective assistance of counsel is asserted, the reviewing court must indulge in a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; to rebut this presumption, the petitioner must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, the factfinder would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt, i.e., that the decision reached would have been different absent the errors; a reasonable probability is one that is sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial.
2. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — TOTALITY OF EVIDENCE MUST BE CONSIDERED. — In determining a claim of ineffectiveness, the totality of the evidence before the factfinder must be considered.
3. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — STANDARD OF REVIEW. — The supreme court will not reverse denial of postconviction relief unless the trial court's findings are clearly erroneous or clearly against the preponderance of the evidence.
4. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — STANDARD OF REASONABLENESS. — To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, it must be shown that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that but for counsel's errors, the result of the trial would have been different.
5. ATTORNEY CLIENT — GUARANTEE IN EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL — SENTENCING PHASE. — The guarantee of effective assistance of counsel includes the sentencing phase of a criminal trial; counsel's primary function in the penalty phase of a capital trial is to neutralize aggravating circumstances and to present mitigating evidence; a decision not to offer significant mitigating evidence is a matter of trial strategy only where the decision is made after a full investigation of all mitigating circumstances so that counsel may make an informed tactical decision; failure to carry out an investigation into mitigating circumstances may constitute ineffective assistance of counsel requiring reversal; however, reversal is not automatic; the petitioner must show that but for counsel's errors, there is a reasonable probability that the sentence imposed would have been different.
6. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — RELIEF NOT GRANTED WHERE PETITIONER FAILED TO SHOW HOW OMITTED TESTIMONY WOULD HAVE CHANGED OUTCOME. — When a petitioner fails to show what the omitted testimony was and how it could have changed the outcome, the supreme court will not grant postconviction relief for ineffective assistance of counsel.
7. ATTORNEY CLIENT — INEFFECTIVE-ASSISTANCE CLAIM — APPELLANT FAILED TO SHOW HOW OMITTED TESTIMONY WOULD HAVE CHANGED OUTCOME OF CASE. — Although appellant argued that other evidence in mitigation should have been offered, he provided nothing to the trial court in his Ark.R.Crim.P. 37 petition proceedings regarding what mitigation evidence his counsel should have presented; appellant failed to establish what other witnesses would have testified to, and he failed to show how their testimony could have changed the outcome of his case, and thus failed to show that he was entitled to relief on this point.
8. ATTORNEY CLIENT — CHALLENGE TO CONSTITUTIONALITY OF DEATH PENALTY SENTENCING SCHEME HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY REJECTED — FAILURE TO RAISE MERITLESS ARGUMENT NOT BASIS FOR CLAIM OF INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE. — Appellant argued that his counsel was ineffective for not raising the issue of constitutionality of the death-penalty sentencing scheme; the supreme court has repeatedly rejected this contention, and since counsel cannot be found ineffective for failing to make an argument that has no merit or that has been previously rejected by the court, appellant failed to demonstrate both error and prejudice on this issue.
9. ATTORNEY CLIENT — CLAIM OF INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE — ARGUMENT MADE WITHOUT REFERENCE TO CONVINCING ARGUMENT OR AUTHORITY FAILED. — In his brief on appeal from denial of his Rule 37 petition, appellant failed to provide any citation of authority or convincing argument showing that he would have been entitled to Rule 37 relief had the argument that the State failed to provide a racially neutral explanation been preserved, and on that basis, his argument of ineffective assistance of counsel on this issue failed.
10. APPEAL ERROR — ARGUMENT MADE WITHOUT CITATION TO AUTHORITY OR CONVINCING ARGUMENT — EVEN CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUE WILL FAIL. — The supreme court will not consider an argument, even a constitutional one, when appellant presents no citation to authority or convincing argument in its support, and it is not apparent without further research that the argument is well taken.
11. ATTORNEY CLIENT — CLAIM OF INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE — APPELLANT OFFERED NOTHING TO SHOW THAT ALLEGED ERROR PREJUDICED HIS CASE IN ANY WAY. — To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show that his counsel's representation not only fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, but also that but for counsel's error, the result of the trial would have been different; here appellant offered nothing to show that the alleged error by his counsel prejudiced his case in any way, let alone that but for the failure to preserve the issue he would have prevailed on appeal.
12. APPEAL ERROR — RULING MADE AT TRIAL — ASSERTION OF ERROR REJECTED ON DIRECT APPEAL. — Where a ruling in the trial court was made on the issue of suppression of the line up in trial court, and the supreme court rejected the assertion of error on the ruling on direct appeal, the court would not address the issue again.
13. APPEAL ERROR — ISSUE NOT ADDRESSED IN BRIEF — ISSUE NOT ADDRESSED ON REVIEW. — Where appellant did not address the issue in his brief, the supreme court declined to address the issue of suppression of the in-court identification.
Appeal from Pope Circuit Court; John S. Patterson, Judge; affirmed.
Alvin Schay, for appellant.
Mark Pryor, Att'y Gen., by: Jeffrey A. Weber, Ass't Att'y Gen., for appellee.
Jimmy Don Wooten appeals the denial of his petition under Ark. R. Crim P. 37 for relief due to ineffective assistance of counsel. Wooten was convicted of capital murder, criminal attempt to commit capital murder, and aggravated assault. He was sentenced to death, thirty years, and six years respectively. His convictions and sentences were affirmed by this court in Wooten v. State, 325 Ark. 510, 931 S.W.2d 408 (1996) ( Wooten I).
In his appeal from the denial of his petition for relief under Ark.R.Crim.P. 37, Wooten asserts that the trial court erred when it did not find that trial counsel was ineffective: 1) for failure to put on mitigation evidence in the penalty phase; 2) for failure to argue that the Arkansas death penalty scheme is unconstitutional; and 3) for failure to preserve certain issues at trial.
We hold that there is no merit to the issues raised. Wooten fails to show what evidence would have been introduced in mitigation, and therefore, he has not shown he was prejudiced by any alleged error by counsel in the admission of mitigation evidence. Wooten's assertion with respect to his claims that the death penalty sentencing scheme is unconstitutional is also without merit. This court has repeatedly considered and rejected this argument. With respect to claims by Wooten that he was prejudiced by trial counsel's failure to preserve certain alleged errors for review on direct appeal, he fails to show that but for counsel's alleged errors, the result of the trial court would have been different. The decision denying Wooten's petition is affirmed.
Wooten's convictions and sentences were affirmed in Wooten I. In Wooten v. State, 338 Ark. 691, 1 S.W.3d 8 (1999) ( Wooten II), Wooten appealed the denial of his petition for postconviction relief under Ark.R.Crim.P. 37. We reversed and remanded the case due to a lack of written findings and for an evidentiary hearing if additional evidence was required pursuant to Rule 37.3.
Wooten is proceeding under Rule 37.2(c) because he became eligible to file a petition under Rule 37 before March 31, 1997, and therefore, he was not eligible to proceed under Ark.R.Crim.P. 37.5. The facts of this case were set out in both of Wooten's prior appeals and will not be repeated here.
Standard of Review
[1-3] Where ineffective assistance of counsel is asserted, the reviewing court must indulge in a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. McGehee v. State, 348 Ark. 395, 72 S.W.3d 867 (2002); Thomas v. State, 330 Ark. 442, 954 S.W.2d 255 (1997). To rebut this presumption, the petitioner must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, the factfinder would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt, i.e., that the decision reached would have been different absent the errors. Id. A reasonable probability is one that is sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. In determining a claim of ineffectiveness, the totality of the evidence before the factfinder must be considered. Chenowith v. State, 341 Ark. 722, 19 S.W.3d 612 (2000). This court will not reverse the denial of postconviction relief unless the trial court's findings are clearly erroneous or clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Green v. State, 343 Ark. 244, 33 S.W.3d 485 (2000).
[4] To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, Wooten must show that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that but for counsel's errors, the result of the trial would have been different. Kemp v. State, 347 Ark. 52, 60 S.W.3d 404 (2001) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)).
Mitigation Evidence
Wooten alleges that he was represented by incompetent counsel where his attorney believed that if mitigation evidence was offered, the door would be opened to allow the state to put on victim impact evidence. Wooten, citing Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808 (1991), alleges that the state had the right to put on victim impact evidence whether the defense offered mitigation evidence or not. He further alleges that the failure to put on mitigation evidence constituted ineffective assistance of counsel and left him a virtual stranger to the jury. Wooten also alleges that this amounts to a breakdown of the adversarial process and requires reversal.
[5] The guarantee of effective assistance of counsel includes the sentencing phase of a criminal trial. Coulter v. State, 343 Ark. 22, 31 S.W.3d 826 (2000). Counsel's primary function in the penalty phase of a capital trial is to neutralize the aggravating circumstances and to present mitigating evidence. Sanford v. State, 342 Ark. 22, 25 S.W.3d 414 (2000). A decision not to offer significant mitigating evidence is a matter of trial strategy only where the decision is made after a full investigation of all the mitigating circumstances so that counsel may make an informed tactical decision. Sanford, supra. The failure to carry out an investigation into mitigating circumstances may constitute ineffective assistance of counsel requiring reversal. Coulter, supra. However, reversal is not automatic. Coulter, supra. The petitioner must show that but for counsel's errors, there is a reasonable probability that the sentence imposed would have been different. Carmargo v. State, 346 Ark. 118, 55 S.W.3d 255 (2001). See also Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362 (2000).
Thus, in the Rule 37 petition proceedings, Wooten had to show that but for his counsel's failure to put on additional evidence in mitigation, there is a reasonable probability that a different sentence would have been imposed. Two witnesses in mitigation were presented, a coworker who testified Wooten had several job skills and was a good worker, and a jailer who testified that Wooten had been a good prisoner.
[6, 7] Wooten argues other evidence in mitigation should have been offered. However, Wooten provided nothing to the trial court in his Rule 37 petition proceedings regarding what mitigation evidence his counsel should have presented. He states in his brief that the Rule 37 court noted that "petitioner did not state what additional witnesses for Mr. Wooten would have said." Wooten fails to establish what other witnesses would have testified to, and he fails to show how their testimony could have changed the outcome of his case. When a petitioner fails to show what the omitted testimony was and how it could have changed the outcome, we will not grant postconviction relief for ineffective assistance of counsel. Pyle v. State, 340 Ark. 53, 8 S.W.3d 491 (2000); Johnson v. State, 321 Ark. 117, 900 S.W.2d 940 (1995). Wooten thus fails to show that he is entitled to relief on this point.
Failure to Argue the Death Penalty Sentencing Scheme is Unconstitutional
[8] Wooten argues his counsel was ineffective for not raising the issue of the constitutionality of the death penalty sentencing scheme. This court has "repeatedly rejected this contention." Williams v. State, 346 Ark. 54, 59, 56 S.W.3d 360 (2001). Counsel cannot be found ineffective for failing to make an argument that has no merit or that has been previously rejected by this court. Noel v. State, 342 Ark. 35, 26 S.W.3d 123 (2000). Accordingly, Wooten has failed to demonstrate both error and prejudice on this issue.
Failure to Preserve Issues for Direct Appeal
Wooten alleges his counsel was ineffective in failing to preserve a Batson issue, referring to Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986). Under Batson, a prosecutor in a criminal case may not use his peremptory strikes to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race. Hinkston v. State, 340 Ark. 530, 10 S.W.3d 906 (2000).
In Wooten I, we held that Wooten failed to preserve the issue of whether the State failed to provide a racially neutral reason for its peremptory challenge of the only African-American juror. Wooten's counsel did not make the argument in the trial court that the State failed to give a racially neutral explanation; therefore, the argument was not preserved for appellate review. Wooten I, supra. He now argues his counsel was ineffective for failing to make this argument below and preserve the issue. However, Wooten's argument reaches no further than the assertion that his counsel failed to preserve the issue. In his Rule 37 Petition, Wooten stated, "Counsel's first argument on appeal was that the only African-American juror was excused from the jury panel. The Arkansas Supreme Court held that 'Because an appellant may not change his grounds for objection on appeal, this point is not preserved on appeal.'"
[9] In his brief on appeal from denial of his Rule 37 petition, Wooten states that "[t]his court held that appellant had not preserved the point because he made an argument for the first time on appeal — that three white jurors had made a similar response to the one a black juror made, which the prosecutor cited as the reason for using a peremptory challenge to remove her." Wooten fails to provide any citation of authority or convincing argument showing he would have been entitled to Rule 37 relief had the argument that the State failed to provide a racially neutral explanation been preserved, and on that basis, his argument of ineffective assistance of counsel on this issue fails. Hall v. State, 326 Ark. 318, 933 S.W.2d 363 (1996).
[10] In Hollis v. State, 346 Ark. 175, 55 S.W.3d 756 (2001), this court stated:
We have made it exceedingly clear that we will not consider an argument, even a constitutional one, when the appellant presents no citation to authority or convincing argument in its support, and it is not apparent without further research that the argument is well taken. Dougan v. State, 330 Ark. 827, 957 S.W.2d 182 (1997); Williams v. State, 325 Ark. 432, 930 S.W.2d 297 (1996) ; Roberts v. State, 324 Ark. 68, 919 S.W.2d 192 (1996); Dixon v. State, 260 Ark. 857, 545 S.W.2d 606 (1977).
Hollis, 346 Ark. at 179.
[11] Further, to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, Wooten must show that his counsel's representation not only fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, but also that but for counsel's error, the result of the trial would have been different. Kemp, supra. Wooten offers nothing to show this alleged error by his counsel prejudiced his case in any way, let alone that but for the failure to preserve the issue he would have prevailed on appeal.
[12] Wooten also alleges the trial court erred in not finding counsel ineffective for failing to preserve alleged error in denial of his motion to suppress identification evidence from a line up. This issue was preserved and appealed in Wooten I. A ruling in the trial court was made on this issue of suppression of the line up in the trial court, and this court rejected the assertion of error on the ruling in the direct appeal. Wooten I, 325 Ark. at 519.
[13] It appears that Wooten actually intended to appeal the trial court's denial of his Rule 37 petition based upon the trial counsel's alleged failure to preserve the issue of suppression of the in-court identification. However, because Wooten did not address the issue in his brief, we decline to address the issue of suppression of the in-court identification.
Affirmed.