Summary
In Wondrowitz v. Swenson, 132 Wis. 2d 251, 258, 392 N.W.2d 449 (Ct. App. 1986), a case of first impression, this court adopted holdings in other jurisdictions supporting pro rata distribution of insufficient insurance proceeds.
Summary of this case from Lovelien v. Austin Mut. Ins. Co.Opinion
No. 85-1317.
Submitted on briefs March 27, 1986. —
Decided June 10, 1986.
APPEAL and CROSS-APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for St. Croix county: PHILLIP TODRYK, Judge. Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded with directions.
For the plaintiff-appellant, Estate of Eugene C. Spriggle, and the plaintiff-appellant, Estate of Steven J. Fisher, there were briefs by Ardell W. Skow, of Doar, Drill Skow, S.C., and Robert J. Richardson, of Spring Valley.
For the cross-appellants, General Casualty Insurance Co. and Estate of Eugene C. Spriggle, there were briefs by Weisel, Thrasher, Doyle Pelish, Ltd., of Rice Lake.
For the defendant-respondent, General Casualty Co. of Wisconsin, there was a brief by Weisel, Thrasher, Doyle Pelish, Ltd., of Rice Lake.
For the cross-respondents, Mary T. Wondrowitz and Robert E. Wondrowitz, there was a brief by B.J. Hammarback, of Spring Valley, and Russell E. Berg, of River Falls.
For the respondents, Mary T. Wondrowitz and Robert E. Wondrowitz, there was a brief by B.J. Hammarback, of Spring Valley, and Russell E. Berg, of River Falls.
Before Cane, P.J., Dean and LaRocque, JJ.
The estates of Eugene Spriggle and Steven Fisher appeal a judgment dividing insurance proceeds owed by Randall Swenson and American Family Insurance Company between Spriggle, Fisher, and Mary Wondrowitz. General Casualty Insurance Company, Spriggle's auto insurance carrier, cross-appeals a judgment holding it liable to Mary Wondrowitz for damages. Because the trial court failed to allocate Swenson's insurance proceeds on a pro rata basis and miscalculated the amount of the judgment against General Casualty in favor of Wondrowitz and Wisconsin Physicians Service, we reverse those portions of the judgment. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.
This case involves two wrongful death claims and a personal injury claim arising from two successive automobile accidents. The first accident occurred after Mary Wondrowitz lost control of her car and went into the ditch. She got out of her car and was struck by a car driven by Spriggle, in which Fisher was a passenger. Both men then attempted to assist Wondrowitz, who was injured and lying in the road.
While all three were in the road, a truck driven by Swenson and a car driven by Elroy Haats approached the accident scene. Haats saw the people in the road and swerved to the right, missing all three. Swenson hit all three people, killing Spriggle and Fisher and further injuring Wondrowitz.
After a three-week jury trial, a forty-four question verdict, and several Pierringer releases negotiated between various parties, the trial court entered a judgment on the verdict settling the remaining liability and damage claims. Spriggle and Fisher appeal the portion of the judgment dividing Swenson's $30,000 insurance proceeds between Spriggle, Fisher, and Wondrowitz.
The jury attributed the negligence involved in the second accident as follows:5% 5% 5%
The jury found Swenson to be forty percent responsible for causing the second accident. Swenson's $30,000 insurance proceeds from American Family were insufficient to compensate Spriggle, Fisher, and Wondrowitz for Swenson's forty-percent contributive share of the damages. Since Wondrowitz had collected a smaller proportion of her total recoverable damages than the other two plaintiffs, the trial court attempted to equalize the parties' positions by awarding Wondrowitz more than her pro rata share of the $30,000. The trial court also took into consideration the amount recovered by the parties through Pierringer releases. This was error.
Although we find no Wisconsin cases addressing this issue, we adopt the holdings in other jurisdictions supporting pro rata distribution of insufficient insurance proceeds.
Where several claims arising from one accident are joined in one suit against the insurer whose maximum liability under the policy is inadequate to pay in full the amounts to which the claimants become entitled, it has generally been held that the proceeds are to be distributed on a pro rata basis in accordance with the amount of damage suffered by each claimant.
Couch on Insurance 2d, sec. 56:35 (1983); State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Sampson, 324 So.2d 739, 742 (Miss 1975); see also Christlieb v. Luten, 633 S.W.2d 139, 139 (Mo.App. 1982). We therefore reverse that part of the judgment dividing the American Family insurance proceeds and remand to the trial court to divide the proceeds on a pro rata basis in accordance with the amount of damage suffered by Spriggle, Fisher, and Wondrowitz. Any amounts recovered by the parties through the use of Pierringer releases are irrelevant to the pro rata division of the insurance proceeds.
We note that the trial court correctly divided the interest earned on the insurance proceeds on a pro rata basis.
On cross-appeal, General Casualty argues that Wondrowitz is barred from recovering damages from Spriggle for the second accident. General Casualty claims that since Wondrowitz' negligence in the first accident exceeded Spriggle's negligence and barred her recovery, and since there was no new negligence by Spriggle that contributed to Wondrowitz' injuries in the second accident, Wondrowitz remains barred from recovering. General Casualty also points to a "potential inconsistency" in the jury's verdict.
The jury found that Spriggle was negligent during the time between the two accidents and that he was five percent responsible for causing the second accident. The jury then attributed all five percent of Spriggle's negligence in causing the second accident to the driving of his vehicle prior to the first accident. The trial court concluded from the jury's findings that Spriggle's negligence from the first accident continued to operate and was a cause of the second accident.
Rather than disputing the jury's factual findings, General Casualty claims that Wondrowitz remains barred from recovering from Spriggle as a matter of law. We review questions of law without deference to the findings of the trial court. First National Leasing Corp. v. City of Madison, 81 Wis.2d 205, 208, 260 N.W.2d 251, 253 (1977). We find no inconsistency in the jury's verdict. The jury found that Spriggle's negligence in causing the first accident was also a cause of the second accident. Wondrowitz and Spriggle were equally negligent in causing the second accident. We therefore conclude that Wondrowitz' recovery of damages from Spriggle for the second accident was proper.
General Casualty also contends that the trial court miscalculated the amounts of WPS's and Wondrowitz' judgments. General Casualty claims that Wondrowitz' total damages must be reduced by the amount of WPS's subrogation claim prior to calculating Wondrowitz' other recoverable damages.
The trial court began its calculations by correctly attributing twenty percent of Wondrowitz' total damages to the second accident. The trial court also correctly calculated WPS's total claim, which was twenty percent of Wondrowitz' past medical expenses. The trial court failed, however, to subtract the amount of WPS's subrogation claim from Wondrowitz' total damages before completing its calculations. This resulted in a duplication of WPS's damages. Wondrowitz' damages should be calculated as follows:
The jury attributed 80% of Wondrowitz' injuries to the first accident and 20% to the second accident.
- 51,199.00 - 86,848.00 - 1,085.60 - 10,856.00
Wondrowitz assumed Haats' 50% share of negligence under the terms of a Pierringer release.
In addition, General Casualty correctly notes that the trial court failed to reduce WPS's subrogation claim by the five percent attributed to Wondrowitz' contributory negligence. WPS's damages should be calculated as follows:-40,959.20 - 511.99 - 7,647.83
$51,199.00 (total damages awarded by the jury for past medical expenses) (80% of $51,199 for damages 10,239.80 attributed to the first accident) (5% of $10,239.80 for 9,727.81 contributory negligence) (the amount of the settlement $ 2,079.98 received from Haats) ===========We therefore reverse that part of the judgment awarding damages to Wondrowitz and WPS and remand the cause for a recalculation and award of damages consistent with this opinion.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded with directions. No costs on appeal.
Negligence causing the second accident: A) Randall Swenson 40% B) Eugene Spriggle 5% C) Steven Fisher 0% D) Elroy Haats 50% E) Mary Wondrowitz Total 100% Negligence causing Spriggle's death: A) Randall Swenson 40% B) Steven Fisher 0% C) Elroy Haats 50% D) Mary Wondrowitz 5% E) Eugene Spriggle Total 100% Negligence causing Fisher's death: A) Randall Swenson 40% B) Eugene Spriggle 0% C) Elroy Haats 50% D) Mary Wondrowitz 5% E) Steven Fisher Total 100%