Opinion
CV 123-067
07-18-2023
GLENTE WILSON and TIFFANY WILSON, Plaintiffs, v. DECORIUN BRIM; KLLM TRANSPORT SERVICES, LLC; and ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendants.
MAGISTRATE JUDGE'S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
BRIAN K EPPS, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE.
In consideration of the record and briefing, the Court REPORTS and RECOMMENDS this case be REMANDED to the Superior Court of Columbia County, Georgia, based on lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, and this civil action be CLOSED.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs allege Defendant Decoriun Brim, under dispatch from Defendant KLLM Transport Services, LLC and insured by Defendant ACE American Insurance Company, was driving a tractor-trailer in a parking lot when he caused his tractor-trailer to collide with Plaintiffs' vehicle. (See doc. no. 1-2.) Plaintiffs generally allege severe and permanent injuries, past and future medical expenses, past and future lost wages, and pain and suffering. (Id.) However, the only injuries specified in the Complaint are soft-tissue injuries limited to “back strain/sprain and neck pain.” (Id. at 6.) Plaintiffs filed this action in the Superior Court of Columbia County, and Defendants filed a Notice of Removal on June 1, 2023, asserting diversity of citizenship and an amount in controversy that exceeds $75,000. (Doc. no. 1, p. 4.) There is no specific amount of damages claimed in the complaint or the removal notice. (See generally doc. nos. 1-1, 1-2, 1-3.)
On June 2, 2023, the Court issued an Order directing Defendants to provide sufficient evidence within fourteen days establishing the amount in controversy after finding it is not facially apparent from the complaint that Plaintiffs' claim exceeds the amount in controversy requirement. (Doc. no. 5.) In response, Defendants argue the amount in controversy is satisfied because Plaintiffs allege severe impairments, request past and future lost wages, loss of companionship and consortium, and demand for punitive damages. (See doc. no. 8, pp. 45.) However, Defendants only received medical bills totaling $3,600.00. (Id. at 6.)
On July 6, 2023, the Court held a status conference with the parties to discuss the amount in controversy. (Doc. no. 10.) At the hearing, the Court ordered Plaintiffs' counsel to meet and confer with his clients and submit a brief to the Court itemizing and estimating all damages sought. (Doc. no. 11.) On July 13, 2023, Plaintiffs submitted their brief, which provided the following list of known medical expenses incurred:
| 7/03/21 | Doctor's Hospital of Augusta | $1,245.72 |
| 7/03/21 | ACS Primary Care Physicians of SE PC | $524.00 |
| 7/04/21- 8/01/21 | Spine Center of Atlanta | $2,829.26 |
| 7/07/21- 7/13/21 | MedNow Urgent Care | $400.00 |
| 3/7/22- current | Gracefully Centered, LLC | $3,625.00 |
| 8/05/21- current | Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center current Chiropractor (1 visit per week for 8 weeks, 2 weeks off and repeat) | Unknown |
| 9/08/21- 10/28/21 | Georgialina Physical Therapy | $1,475.00 |
| 8/25/22- current | Yi's Acupuncture | $4,070.00 |
| 11/14/22- current | Action Medical & Chiropractic | $240.00 |
| The total is $14,408.98. |
II. DISCUSSION
Generally, a defendant may remove an action from state court when the federal court would possess original jurisdiction over the subject matter, “except as otherwise expressly provided by an Act of Congress.” 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). “The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between citizens of different States . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1). The Court construes the removal statute narrowly. Pretka v. Kolter City Plaza II, Inc., 608 F.3d 744, 766 (11th Cir. 2010). “Indeed, all doubts about jurisdiction should be resolved in favor of remand to state court.” Univ. of S. Ala. v. Am. Tobacco Co., 168 F.3d 405, 411 (11th Cir. 1999) (citation omitted).
A removing defendant has the burden to establish federal jurisdiction. See Lowery v. Ala. Power Co., 483 F.3d 1184, 1208 (11th Cir. 2007). And the removing party must point to facts, not conclusory allegations, to meet its burden. See Williams v. Best Buy Co., 269 F.3d 1316, 1319-20 (11th Cir. 2001). “A court's analysis of the amount-in-controversy requirement focuses on how much is in controversy at the time of removal, not later.” Pretka, 608 F.3d at 751.
Moreover, “[w]here, as here, the plaintiff has not pled a specific amount of damages, the removing defendant must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional requirement.” Williams, 269 F.3d at 1319. Although a defendant need not “banish all uncertainty about” the amount in controversy, the Court requires a removing defendant to make “specific factual allegations establishing jurisdiction [that can be supported] . . . with evidence combined with reasonable deductions, reasonable inferences, or other reasonable extrapolations.” Pretka, 608 F.3d at 754; see also Dudley v. Eli Lilly and Co., 778 F.3d 909, 913 (11th Cir. 2014) (explaining “pertinent question is what is in controversy in the case, not how much the plaintiffs are ultimately likely to recover. (citations, emphasis, and quotation omitted)). That is, the existence of jurisdiction should not be “divined by looking to the stars.” Lowery, 483 F.3d at 1215.
An indeterminate claim for damages is not dispositive but should not be ignored by the Court. See Roe v. Michelin N. Am., Inc., 613 F.3d 1058, 1064 (11th Cir. 2010). Rather, “courts may use their judicial experience and common sense in determining whether the case stated in a complaint meets federal jurisdictional requirements.” Id. at 1062 (footnote omitted). The Court's analysis is also guided by the following cautionary words from the Eleventh Circuit:
Because jurisdiction cannot be conferred by consent, the district court should be leery of any stipulations the parties offer concerning the facts related to jurisdiction. Given that the parties share the goal of having this case decided in federal court, the district court should be especially mindful of its independent obligation to ensure that jurisdiction exists before federal judicial power is exercised over the merits of the case.
Morrison v. Allstate Indem. Co., 228 F.3d 1255, 1275 (11th Cir. 2000).
Here, Defendants have failed to meet their burden by a preponderance of the evidence to show that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. The medical bills do not approach the amount in controversy, and it is doubtful the grand total of all categories of damages would begin to approach $75,000 in a case involving back and neck strain from a low-speed parking lot collision.
Plaintiffs' general request for medical expenses and lost wages, special and general damages, and attorney's fees in their complaint provides no detail or basis upon which the Court can make reasonable deductions, inferences, or other extrapolations. See Pretka, 608 F.3d at 754; see also Williams, 269 F.3d at 1318, 1320 (rejecting contention that amount in controversy facially exceeded $75,000 where complaint alleged trip over curb caused permanent physical and mental injuries, substantial medical expenses, lost wages, diminished earning capacity-all of which would continue in future-and complaint contained demand for both compensatory and punitive damages in unspecified amounts).
The Court cannot conclude the defense has met its burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence the value of this case meets the $75,000 jurisdictional threshold. See Williams v. Walmart Stores East, LP, CV 118-083, 2018 WL 3749470, at *2-3 (S.D. Ga. July 9, 2018) (finding no jurisdiction in slip and fall case with approximately $15,000 in medicals, preremoval refusal by Plaintiff's counsel for stipulation of damages less than $75,000, and general request for future damages and ongoing pain and suffering damages), adopted by, 2018 WL 3747454 (S.D. Ga. Aug. 7, 2018) (Hall, C.J); Kenney v. Briggs & Stratton Corp., CV 116-113, 2016 WL 6650845, at *2-3 (S.D. Ga. Nov. 9, 2016) (finding no jurisdiction in pressure washer injury case with $36,000 in medicals, post-removal removal response to request for admission that damages exceed $75,000, and $100,000 settlement demand), adopted by, 2016 WL 7131539 (S.D. Ga. Dec. 6, 2016) (Hall, C.J.); Cobb v. Sanders, CV 116-073, 2016 WL 4197595, at *3 (S.D. Ga. Aug. 9, 2016) (finding no jurisdiction in vehicle accident case with $31,000 in medicals, allegations of general damages, and demand letter for $225,000), adopted by, 2016 WL 4582067 (S.D. Ga. Sept. 1, 2016) (Hall, C.J.); Arrington v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., No. 7:13-CV-154, 2014 WL 657398, at *1 (M.D. Ga. Feb. 20, 2014) (finding no jurisdiction in slip-and-fall case with $44,000 in medicals and insufficient evidence to calculate future monetary losses); Cross v. Wal-Mart Stores, E., LP, No. 7:11-CV-21, 2011 WL 976414, at *2 (M.D. Ga. Mar. 17, 2011) (finding no jurisdiction in slip-and-fall case with $45,000 in medicals, allegations of general damages, and a demand letter for $125,000); but see Farley v. Variety Wholesalers, Inc., No. 5:13-CV-52, 2013 WL 1748608, at *2 (M.D. Ga. Apr. 23, 2013) (finding jurisdiction in premises liability case with $13,000 in medicals and the possibility of two future surgeries).
III. CONCLUSION
Because there is no subject-matter jurisdiction, the Court REPORTS and RECOMMENDS this action be REMANDED to the Superior Court of Columbia County, Georgia, and this civil action be CLOSED.
SO REPORTED and RECOMMENDED.