Opinion
No. 2008-05753-AD.
Filed October 10, 2008.
MEMORANDUM DECISION
FINDINGS OF FACT
{¶ 1} 1) On April 21, 2008, at approximately 8:30 p.m., plaintiff, David White, suffered property damage to his 1998 Plymouth Breeze when the vehicle struck a pothole while traveling on State Route 317 in Franklin County. Plaintiff described the damage incident noting: "I was driving West-bound on London-Groveport Rd. away from the intersection of Shook (and) London-Groveport Rd, when within about one mile, just before passing `Scioto Trails' VFW Post 2505, I hit a large pot hole immediately across the road between addresses of 733 (and) 697 London-Groveport Road as I came around a curve in the road."{¶ 2} 2) Plaintiff asserted the damage to his car was proximately caused by negligence on the part of defendant, Department of Transportation ("DOT"), in failing to maintain the roadway. Consequently, plaintiff filed this complaint seeking to recover $458.17, the cost of replacement parts and related repair expenses. The filing fee was paid.
{¶ 3} 3) Defendant denied liability in this matter based on the contention that no DOT personnel had any knowledge of the pothole prior to plaintiffs property damage occurrence. Defendant denied receiving any previous calls or complaints regarding the particular damage-causing pothole which DOT located at approximately milepost 1.37 on State Route 317 in Franklin County. Defendant asserted plaintiff failed to provide evidence to establish the length of time the pothole existed prior to 8:30 p.m. on April 21, 2008. Defendant suggested "it is more likely than not that the pothole existed in that location for only a relative short amount of time before plaintiffs incident."
{¶ 4} 4) Defendant contended plaintiff failed to produce any evidence to show his damage was proximately caused by negligent roadway maintenance on the part of DOT. Defendant related the DOT "Franklin County Manager conducts roadway inspections of all state roadways within the county on a routine basis, at least one to two times a month." Apparently, no potholes were discovered at or near milepost 1.37 on State Route 317 the last time that particular section of roadway was inspected before April 21, 2008. DOT records show potholes were patched in the vicinity of plaintiffs damage occurrence on February 14, 2008, March 20, 2008, and April 9, 2008. Furthermore, defendant submitted to the court a photograph of the damage-causing pothole and it appears the defective condition depicted is located on the roadway berm; completely outside the portion of the roadway designed for travel.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
{¶ 5} Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976), 49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996), 112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67 Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864.
{¶ 6} In order to prove a breach of the duty to maintain the highways, plaintiff must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant had actual or constructive notice of the precise condition or defect alleged to have caused the accident. McClellan v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388. Defendant is only liable for roadway condition of which it has notice but fails to reasonably correct. Bussard v. Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179.
{¶ 7} Plaintiff has not produced sufficient evidence to indicate the length of time that the particular pothole was present on the roadway prior to the incident forming the basis of this claim. Plaintiff has not shown defendant had actual notice of the pothole. Additionally, the trier of fact is precluded from making an inference of defendant's constructive notice, unless evidence is presented in respect to the time the pothole appeared on the roadway. Spires v. Ohio Highway Department (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 262, 577 N.E. 2d 458. There is no indication defendant had constructive notice of the pothole. Plaintiff has not produced any evidence to infer defendant, in a general sense, maintains its highways negligently or that defendant's acts caused the defective condition. Herlihy v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1999), 99-07011-AD. Size of the defect (pothole) is insufficient to show notice or duration of existence. O'Neil v. Department of Transportation (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 287. 578 N.E. 2d 891.
{¶ 8} This court has previously held that the Department of Transportation is not to be held liable for damages sustained by individuals who used the berm or shoulder of a highway for travel without adequate reasons. Colagrossi v. Department of Transportation (1983), 82-06474-AD. There is no evidence defendant had actual notice of the damage-causing defect located off the traveled portion of the roadway. No evidence has shown defendant had constructive notice of the defect located off the traveled portion of the roadway.
{¶ 9} The shoulder of the highway is designed to serve a purpose which may include travel under emergency circumstances. It is for the trier of fact to determine whether driving on the shoulder is a foreseeable and reasonable use of the shoulder of the highway. Dickerhoof v. City of Canton (1983), 6 Ohio St. 3d 128, 6 OBR 186, 451 N.E. 2d 1193. In the case at bar, plaintiff has offered no reasonable explanation or excuse for using the berm of the highway.
{¶ 10} Plaintiff, in the instant case, has shown no adequate reason for his action of driving on the berm of the highway, consequently, based on the rationale of Colagrossi, this case is denied. If a plaintiff sustains damage because of a defect located off the marked, regularly traveled portion of a roadway, a necessity for leaving the roadway must be shown. Lawson v. Department of Transportation (1977), 75-0612-AD. Inadvertent travel based on inattention is not an adequate reason or necessity for straying from the regularly traveled portion of the roadway. Smith v. Ohio Department of Transportation (2000), 2000-05151-AD. Assuming plaintiff had reason to drive off the roadway he has failed to produce evidence establishing defendant's notice of defective condition. Landers v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., Ct. of Cl. No. 2006-06264, 2007-Ohio-1273.
ENTRY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINATION
Having considered all the evidence in the claim file and, for the reasons set forth in the memorandum decision filed concurrently herewith, judgment is rendered in favor of defendant. Court costs are assessed against plaintiff.
Entry cc:
David White 2624 Lori's Way Grove City, Ohio 43123
James G. Beasley, Director Department of Transportation 1980 West Broad Street Columbus, Ohio 43223