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holding that Plaintiff's claims against a county district attorney's office were barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine because enforcement of a final order is inextricably intertwined with the order itself
Summary of this case from Johnson v. WebreOpinion
No. 12-7038
03-01-2013
CHRISTOPHER W. WEBB, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES; CHOCTAW NATION TRIBAL COMPLEX; STATE OF OKLAHOMA PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICE; DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE OF BRYAN COUNTY; ROCKY POWERS, Defendants-Appellees.
(D.C. No. 6:11-CV-00134-JHP)
(E.D. Okla.)
ORDER AND JUDGMENT
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Before ANDERSON and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior Circuit Judge.
Christopher W. Webb, pro se, appeals from the district court's denial of his post-judgment motions to allow him to amend his complaint. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we remand the case to the district court with instructions to dismiss the complaint without prejudice for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
I.
Mr. Webb sued the Oklahoma Department of Human Services (Human Services), the Choctaw Nation Tribal Complex (Choctaw Nation), the Oklahoma Probation and Parole Office (Probation and Parole), the Bryan County District Attorney's Office (District Attorney's Office), and state court judge Rocky Powers (Judge Powers) under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for conspiring to unlawfully remove his daughter from his home and prevent him from seeing his wife.
The district court dismissed the complaint with prejudice on the grounds of immunity. Mr. Webb did not file a notice of appeal from that order; instead, he filed motions for leave to amend his complaint to substitute as defendants numerous individuals from Human Services, Probation and Parole, and the District Attorney's Office. The court concluded that an amended complaint could not be filed unless the judgment was vacated or set aside. The court considered the motions under Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 60(b) and denied them. Mr. Webb now appeals.
In his post-judgment motions, Mr. Webb did not seek to add any individuals from the Choctaw Nation as defendants, nor did he claim any error as to the dismissal of Judge Powers.
II.
According to the complaint, Mr. Webb's daughter was born in May 2007 while he was under the supervision of Probation and Parole. At the end of his supervisory period, he moved to Texas. In 2008, Mr. Webb returned to Oklahoma with his wife and child, and "check[ed] in with the Sheriff(s) Dept. to comply with (registration laws)." R. at 12. Mr. Webb alleged that once the defendants learned that he had returned to Oklahoma, they conspired to obtain an emergency order to remove her from his custody "because [he was a] convicted-sex offender-at-home alone with his child." Id. at 13. He also complained that Judge Powers acted outside the law at a subsequent child-endangerment proceeding when he "grant[ed]-the-state-continued custody-of-[his]-child." Id. at 14. In addition to money damages to compensate him for the loss of "liberty-especially-with wife & children," id. at 37, Mr. Webb requested "injunctive (or) declaratory-relief/sanctions-in order-to-re-establish-Communications-with [his]-wife & children[,] [and] A-Judicial-Review," id. at 38.
III.
We have an independent duty to examine the district court's subject-matter jurisdiction. See Bender v. Williamsport Area Sch. Dist., 475 U.S. 534, 541 (1986) (holding that a federal appellate court has an obligation to satisfy itself of the district court's jurisdiction, and if the court was without jurisdiction, the appellate court has jurisdiction "for the purpose of correcting the error of the [district] court in entertaining the suit." (internal quotation marks omitted).
We have carefully reviewed Mr. Webb's complaint and his brief and conclude that his claims are barred by the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, which "is jurisdictional." Worthington v. Anderson, 386 F.3d 1314, 1318 (10th Cir. 2004). "The Rooker-Feldman doctrine prevents the lower federal courts from exercising jurisdiction over cases brought by state-court losers challenging state-court judgments rendered before the district court proceedings commenced." Mann v. Boatright, 477 F.3d 1140, 1146 (10th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted). The doctrine also bars the court from exercising jurisdiction over claims that are "'inextricably intertwined' with the state court's judgment." Id. at 1147 (quoting Exxon-Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)).
Rooker v. Fid. Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923); D.C. Cir. v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983).
"[T]he Rooker-Feldman doctrine is confined to cases brought after the state proceedings have ended." Mann v. Boatright, 477 F.3d 1140, 1146 (10th Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted). Mr. Webb has never alleged or argued that the orders are not final.
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It is apparent from the complaint that Mr. Webb seeks, among other things, to directly attack Judge Power's orders. He also seeks monetary damages against the government agencies that obtained the orders and continue to enforce them. The damage claims are "inextricably intertwined" with the orders because they "assert injuries based on the [state-court orders] and, for [him] to prevail, would require the district court to review and reject those [orders]." Mann, 477 F.3d at 1147. Last, his claims for injunctive and declaratory relief are also barred because he seeks to reestablish his custodial rights, which would also require the district court to overturn the state-court orders.
We remand the case to the district court with instructions to dismiss the complaint without prejudice for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The Choctaw Nation's motion to dismiss the appeal is denied as moot.
Entered for the Court
Stephen H. Anderson
Circuit Judge