Opinion
47432.
ARGUED SEPTEMBER 11, 1972.
DECIDED JANUARY 18, 1973.
Action for damages. Fulton Civil Court. Before Judge Fryer.
Swift, Currie, McGhee Hiers, George W. Hart, Frederick F. Saunders, Jr., for appellant.
Gambrell, Russell, Killorin, Wade Forbes, David A. Handley. Max B. Hardy, Jr., for appellee.
The defendant general contractor appeals from the denial of its motion for summary judgment. The plaintiff subcontractor placed certain of its electrical equipment in a building at the job site which flooded after a heavy rainfall. The subcontractor filed an action alleging that the general contractor was liable for the damage to the equipment.
Before the action, however, the subcontractor had executed a document which provided in pertinent part: "[Subcontractor] does hereby release [General Contractor] from any and all claims of every nature arising under or by virtue of said subcontract." The general contractor contends this is an unambiguous and general release which extinguishes the claim asserted and that its motion for summary judgment should have been granted.
"Construction of ambiguous contracts is the duty of the court, and it is only after application thereto of the pertinent rules of construction, and they remain ambiguous, that extrensic evidence is admissible to explain the ambiguity." Davis v. United American Life Ins. Co., 215 Ga. 521 (2) ( 111 S.E.2d 488). "It does not follow that merely because there are two possible interpretations which might be employed in construing a contract the matter automatically becomes a question for the jury. If that were true the court would rarely, if ever, construe a contract as Code § 20-701 declares its duty to be. The role and function of a court is higher than that of a mere referee." Farm Supply Co. of Albany v. Cook, 116 Ga. App. 814, 816 ( 159 S.E.2d 128).
The sole question here is one of law — the construction of the release clause. It either includes the claim alleged in the subcontractor's petition or it does not and the answer to this question must come from the court not a jury.
The subcontractor's petition alleges that it placed the damaged equipment in the room "pursuant to the authority, requirements and provisions of its subcontract," that "it was the duty of the defendant under its contract ... to provide protection for all work being performed by the plaintiff on said premises under its subcontract" and that "all of the aforesaid damage to plaintiff was proximately caused by the breach of its contract duties by defendant ..." Based upon the subcontractor's own pleading, its suit is a claim "arising under or by virtue of said subcontract" and the release is a bar to this action. See A-1 Bonding Service, Inc. v. Hunter, 125 Ga. App. 173 (1) ( 186 S.E.2d 566); National Advertising Co. v. North American Ins. c. Co., 122 Ga. App. 481 ( 177 S.E.2d 510).
The trial court erred in denying the appellant's motion for summary judgment.
Judgment reversed. Bell, C. J., Eberhardt, P. J., Pannell, Deen, Clark and Stolz, JJ., concur. Evans, J., concurs in the judgment. Quillian, J., dissents.