Summary
In Wagner, the plaintiff relied on the defendant's rerecordation in 1970 of a 1941 deed; however, none of the preserving actions specified by the dormant minerals act were performed during that twenty-nine-year period.
Summary of this case from Energetics v. WhitmillOpinion
Docket No. 78-372.
Decided June 19, 1979. Leave to appeal applied for.
Bujold Bailey (by Frank J. Bujold and Douglas A. Tull), for plaintiffs.
Meyers Polaczyk, for defendants.
Before: D.E. HOLBROOK, JR., P.J., and M.F. CAVANAGH and CYNAR, JJ.
This controversy arises out of an action to quiet title. The land which is the subject matter of this lawsuit is located in Montmorency County and was originally owned by plaintiff Grace J. Norton and her husband John F. Norton, now deceased. This property was transferred via a deed dated March 14, 1941, to defendants Willis F. Dooley and his wife Ruth A. Dooley. This deed contained a reservation that:
"Parties of the first part, however, saving and reserving unto themselves, their heirs and assigns, forever, all minerals and mineral rights beneath the surface of said lands, together with the right to enter upon said lands and explore the same therefor and to mine the same without let or hindrance."
The deed containing this reservation was recorded on May 17, 1941. In 1943 a fire destroyed the records of the Register of Deeds for Montmorency County including the recorded deed in question. This deed was rerecorded by defendants on June 13, 1970. Plaintiff Grace Norton, as the survivor of herself and John F. Norton, deeded the retained minerals and mineral rights to plaintiff B.F. Wagner retaining a life estate to herself by a deed dated April 8, 1975. On March 16, 1976, plaintiffs filed suit to quiet title to the property. After a nonjury trial the trial court issued a judgment quieting title to plaintiffs. In its opinion, the trial court indicated that the dormant minerals act, MCL 554.291; MSA 26.1163(1), did not operate upon a deed reservation of a fee interest in subsurface minerals and mineral rights which included within it the interest in oil and gas. It was the court's further opinion that plaintiffs' oil and gas interests were not abandoned under this statute because of the rerecording of the deed by defendants on June 13, 1970. Plaintiffs raised challenges to the constitutionality of the dormant minerals act at trial but the trial court was not required to reach these issues because of its prior findings. It is from this judgment quieting title that defendants appeal as of right raising several issues.
In Van Slooten v Larsen, 86 Mich. App. 437; 272 N.W.2d 675 (1978), lv gtd 405 Mich. 824 (1979), this Court found that the dormant minerals act was a valid exercise of police power and did not unconstitutionally impair the obligation of contracts or deny equal protection of the laws. This act, effective September 6, 1963, provides:
"Any interest in oil or gas in any land owned by any person other than the owner of the surface, which has not been sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred by instrument recorded in the register of deeds office for the county where such interest is located for a period of 20 years shall, in the absence of the issuance of a drilling permit as to such interest or the actual production or withdrawal of oil or gas from said lands, or from lands covered by a lease to which such interest is subject, or from lands pooled, unitized or included in unit operations therewith, or the use of such interest in underground storage operations, during such period of 20 years, be deemed abandoned, unless the owner thereof shall, within 3 years after the effective date of this act or within 20 years after the last sale, lease, mortgage or transfer of record of such interest or within 20 years after the last issuance of a drilling permit as to such interests or actual production or withdrawal of oil or gas, from said lands, or from lands covered by a lease to which such interest is subject, or from lands pooled, unitized, or included in unit operations therewith, or the use of such interests in underground gas storage operations, whichever is later, record a claim of interest as hereinafter provided. Any interest in oil or gas deemed abandoned as herein provided shall vest as of the date of such abandonment in the owner or owners of the surface in keeping with the character of the surface ownership." MCL 554.291; MSA 26.1163(1).
Since the constitutionality of this statute is no longer in question, we must proceed to examine the facts of this case to determine its applicability.
The ownership of subsurface mineral interests may be severed from the ownership of the surface by a reservation in a deed. Rathbun v Michigan, 284 Mich. 521, 534; 280 N.W. 35 (1938). By reserving the mineral rights the grantor of the deed is also deemed to have reserved the rights in oil and gas. Weaver v Richards, 156 Mich. 320, 324; 120 N.W. 818 (1909), Kruger v Agnor, 321 Mich. 131, 138; 32 N.W.2d 365 (1948). The reservation contained in the deed in the instant case has the effect of reserving the oil and gas rights to plaintiffs and severing those rights from the surface owner, thus creating a situation where the dormant minerals act is applicable.
The trial court held the dormant minerals act was not intended by the Legislature to operate upon a deed reservation of a fee interest in subsurface minerals and mineral rights which includes the interest in oil and gas. This was based upon its perception that "the evil to be corrected clearly was the difficulty posed to persons resuming drilling operations on land covered by abandoned oil and gas leases in locating persons claiming fractional royalty interests under such abandoned leases". We disagree with this interpretation as it would directly contradict the plain language of the statute. The statute on its face applies to "any interest in oil or gas". The trial court has apparently accepted plaintiffs' argument that the Legislature intended this statute to apply only to leasehold interests in oil and gas. We note that when the Legislature has desired to address problems concerning oil and gas leases in the past it specifically utilized the term "lease" in its statutory enactment. See MCL 554.281; MSA 26.1161. Accordingly we find that by utilization of the words "any interest in oil or gas" the Legislature intended that all interests in oil and gas, whether they be created by deed reservation, lease or otherwise, be subject to the affirmative duties imposed by the dormant minerals act.
Having determined that the interest in oil and gas reserved by plaintiffs was intended to be affected by the dormant minerals act, we must now determine whether plaintiffs have complied with the requirements of the act. The trial court found that defendants' rerecordation of their deed on June 13, 1970, pursuant to the provisions of MCL 561.4; MSA 26.878(4) prevented the 20-year period provided in the dormant minerals act from running. This statute concerns the rerecordation of public records that have been destroyed and provides that rerecorded deeds shall be of like force and affect as the original recording. Contrary to plaintiffs' contention, the operation of this statute does not toll the operation of the dormant minerals act but rather provides a method by which an individual relying upon protection of the recordation act may recreate his record notice. The rerecordation of defendants' deed merely acts to reaffirm defendants' continuity of record title.
Even assuming defendants' actions of rerecording their deed have some retroactive application as applied to the dormant minerals act, plaintiffs still may not prevail. The dormant minerals act:
"provides that any person holding any interest in oil or gas in any land, other than the surface owner, shall be deemed to have abandoned such interest unless during any 20 year period such person relative to the land does one of five things: (1) Secures a drilling permit; or (2) actually produces or withdraws gas or oil individually or as part of a pool; or (3) sells, leases, mortgages or transfers such interest by recorded instrument; or (4) uses the property subject to such interests for underground gas storage; or (5) records a notice of interest with the Register of Deeds." Bickel v Fairchild, 83 Mich. App. 467, 469-470; 268 N.W.2d 881 (1978). (Emphasis supplied.)
Implicit in the legislative scheme is the requirement that the owner of the interest in oil and gas take some action to indicate nonabandonment of the interest. In this instance the rerecordation in 1970 was an action taken by defendants rather than by plaintiffs and cannot suffice to satisfy plaintiffs' obligation under the statute.
Plaintiffs' interest in the oil and gas was created by means of a reservation of the mineral rights contained in a deed recorded May 17, 1941. The 20-year period imposed upon these oil and gas rights by the dormant minerals act would have run by May 17, 1961, two years before the effective date of the dormant minerals act. To cover such situations the statute provides a grace period of three years after the effective date of this act, September 6, 1963, in which to perform one of the required actions. This grace period expired September 6, 1966. We find that plaintiffs have failed to perform any of the actions required by the dormant minerals act and their interest in oil and gas is deemed to have been abandoned and vested in defendants who are the surface owners of the property in question. The trial court's finding that plaintiffs' oil and gas interests had not been abandoned is reversed. The judgment quieting title to the subsurface minerals and mineral rights is modified to reflect that such mineral rights are exclusive of the oil and gas rights in the property
Reversed. No costs, interpretation of a statute involved.