Summary
holding a judgment was final because, inter alia, it determined all issues raised by the pleadings, even though the judgment stated the trial court would hold further proceedings to determine who should receive funds paid into the court’s registry
Summary of this case from JWSTL, LLC v. Union Pac. R.R. Co.Opinion
No. ED 109208
07-13-2021
WEST QUINCY PROPERTIES, LLC, Respondent, v. STRAIGHTEDGE, INC., et al., Appellants.
Jules V. De Coster, P.O. Box 81, 105 East Lafayette Street, Monticello, MO 63457, for Appellant. Josesph Brannon, 423 S. Main Street, New London, MO 63459, for Respondent. Straightedge, Inc., C/O Bennie Hines, 1625 Turtle Lake Rd., Quincy, IL 62301, Pro Se.
Jules V. De Coster, P.O. Box 81, 105 East Lafayette Street, Monticello, MO 63457, for Appellant.
Josesph Brannon, 423 S. Main Street, New London, MO 63459, for Respondent.
Straightedge, Inc., C/O Bennie Hines, 1625 Turtle Lake Rd., Quincy, IL 62301, Pro Se.
Gary M. Gaertner, Jr., P.J.
Introduction
Appellants William Snider and Jordan Snider (collectively, the Sniders) appeal the trial court's judgment in favor of Respondent West Quincy Properties, LLC (WQP), on WQP's petition for quiet title and ejectment regarding a tract of real estate (the property). The Sniders argue that the trial court's judgment is erroneously based on a prior court order that was not a final judgment, which found that title to the property should properly be vested in WQP. We affirm.
Background
In August of 2013, WQP entered an agreement with Benny Hines, on behalf of Straightedge, Inc. (Straightedge), an Illinois corporation, to purchase the property for $50,000. WQP paid $10,000 toward the purchase price on August 14, 2013. The purchase agreement stated that closing was expected to take place within 60 days of the agreement. WQP made attempts to arrange a closing date with a title company, but Hines did not return phone calls from WQP. No closing took place, and Straightedge did not transfer title to the property to WQP. At some point prior to August 14, 2013, Straightedge had been administratively dissolved by the State of Illinois.
On June 13, 2014, Straightedge and William Snider entered a "contract for deed" contemplating that Straightedge would sell William Snider the property for $55,000. On July 29, 2014, WQP filed suit for specific performance of the purchase agreement between WQP and Straightedge. During the pendency of the suit, on February 20, 2015, the State of Illinois reinstated Straightedge as a corporation. On May 4, 2016, WQP amended its petition to add William Snider as a defendant.
On July 8, 2016, a warranty deed was recorded for the property from Straightedge to William Snider. The deed was dated June 30, 2014. On September 16, 2016, a quitclaim deed was recorded for the property from William Snider to his son, Jordan Snider. Straightedge dissolved in October of 2016, and Benny Hines filed a suggestion of bankruptcy with the trial court on August 1, 2017, listing both WQP and William Snider as creditors.
The trial court, the Honorable Rachel L. Bringer Shepherd, entered judgment in WQP's suit for specific performance on October 19, 2018. The trial court found credible testimony that a representative of WQP had spoken with William Snider about WQP's purchase of the property prior to June 13, 2014, when William Snider and Straightedge executed the "contract for deed." The trial court found that because William Snider had notice of the prior contract for sale to WQP, William Snider was not a bona fide purchaser and was not protected from WQP's unrecorded purchase agreement. The trial court also found that Jordan Snider had received notice of the prior purchase agreement on the date his father was served as a defendant, which was four months prior to the date Jordan Snider received the property by quitclaim deed. As such, the trial court found Jordan Snider also had no protection as a bona fide purchaser. The trial court found that the purchase agreement between Straightedge and WQP was enforceable, and the court ordered Straightedge to issue a warranty deed for the property to WQP within 30 days of the judgment. The trial court also ordered WQP to pay $40,000 into the court's registry, which the court would distribute upon further proceedings to determine who should receive such funds. The court scheduled a case management conference for February 6, 2019.
On January 2, 2019, WQP filed the instant petition in a separate cause of action in the trial court, requesting that the court quiet title to the property in favor of WQP and eject the Sniders from the property. The trial court, the Honorable Michael P. Wilson, held a hearing on July 15, 2020, during which a representative of WQP testified that WQP had deposited $40,000 in the court's registry as ordered by the court's prior judgment, and that attempts to obtain a warranty deed for the property from Hines on behalf of Straightedge were unsuccessful. The trial court entered judgment in favor of WQP, finding that WQP was the lawful owner of the property and quieting title to the property in WQP. The court further ordered the Sniders to vacate the property within 90 days and deliver possession of the property to WQP. This appeal follows.
Discussion
The Sniders argue on appeal that the trial court improperly relied on its former judgment, which found title to the property should be vested in WQP, in rendering the present judgment quieting title and ejecting the Sniders, because they assert the former judgment was not final in that it left outstanding the question of who should receive the $40,000 in the court's registry. We disagree.
The Sniders raise three points on appeal that all essentially assert this argument. The first point, however, claims that the trial court erroneously denied the Sniders’ motion for summary judgment due to lack of finality of the prior judgment. Because the trial court's denial of the Sniders’ motion for summary judgment is not an appealable order, Point I is denied on that basis. Schnurbusch v. W. Plains Reg'l Animal Shelter, 571 S.W.3d 191, 203 (Mo. App. S.D. 2019) (denial of motion for summary judgment is not subject to appellate review except in rare circumstances where its merits are completely intertwined with grant of summary judgment in favor of opposing party). We address the remaining points together.
Our review of a court-tried case is governed by the principles set forth by the Missouri Supreme Court in Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30 (Mo. banc 1976). We will affirm the judgment of the trial court unless there is no substantial evidence to support it, it is against the weight of the evidence, or it erroneously declares or applies the law. Id. at 32 ; see also McCord v. Gates, 159 S.W.3d 369, 373 (Mo. App. W.D. 2004) (standard of review for court-tried quiet title actions is same as in other court-tried cases).
The Sniders essentially argue that the court's judgment quieting title and ejecting the Sniders from the property was premature because the prior judgment left open the question of which defendant should receive the $40,000 that WQP paid to purchase the property according to the terms of the purchase agreement that the trial court found enforceable. The Sniders argue that the judgment was therefore interlocutory and subject to change, and that the Sniders intended to appeal that judgment once it became final. Thus, they argue, the trial court's second judgment quieting title and ejecting the Sniders has left the Sniders without an ability to appeal the merits of the trial court's former decision that title to the property should be properly vested in WQP.
"Generally, a judgment is final if it disposes of all the issues with respect to all parties and leaves nothing for future determination." ABB, Inc. v. Securitas Sec. Servs. USA, Inc., 390 S.W.3d 196, 200 (Mo. App. W.D. 2012) ; see also State ex rel. Henderson v. Asel, 566 S.W.3d 596, 598 (Mo. banc 2019) ("If a judgment resolves all claims by and against all parties, or it resolves the last such claim and some (but not all) claims have been resolved previously, it is commonly referred to as a ‘final judgment’ "). "However, this rule is tempered by the instruction that what is or is not a final judgment ‘depends upon the circumstances of each individual case.’ " Concannon v. Hanley Devel. Corp., 769 S.W.2d 183, 186 (Mo. App. E.D. 1989) (quoting Clasen v. Moore Bros. Realty Co., 413 S.W.2d 592, 597 (Mo. App. 1967) ). Situations may arise in which a judgment is final regarding the claims raised, but nonetheless something remains to be determined by the court:
[I]f ... the court fully determines the issues in accordance with the pleadings, even though there may be incidental or supplementary issues yet to be determined in order to obtain full enforcement, and if the judgment purports to operate in praesenti to the extent of determination of the issues raised by the pleadings, then the judgment should be considered as "final" to the extent of adjudging the merits and thus immune from amendment, modification, or vacation after the expiration of thirty days.
Thompson v. Hodge, 348 S.W.2d 11, 13 (Mo. App. 1961).
Here, the trial court's first judgment was denominated "judgment," in accordance with Rule 74.01(a), which requires appealable judgments to be denominated either "judgment" or "decree." See In re C.D., 176 S.W.3d 730, 732 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005) ( Rule 74.01(a) "is an attempt to assist litigants and the appellate courts by clearly distinguishing between when the trial court's orders and rulings are intended to be final and appealable and when the trial court seeks to retain jurisdiction").
Further, the court's first judgment determined all issues raised by the pleadings. WQP's petition contained one claim at the time of trial, which was for specific performance of the contract, or an alternative request for damages for breach. The defendants had raised a counter-claim related to payment for improvements to the property. The trial court's judgment addressed each as follows:
WQP had raised a second claim, which it voluntarily dismissed with prejudice prior to trial.
THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that within thirty days of this Judgment, [Straightedge] shall issue a warranty deed to [WQP] for [the property], and that [WQP] shall deposit $40,000 with the Circuit Clerk ... until further proceedings are held to determine the distribution of the remainder of the purchase price. All other claims in this case are denied.
The trial court's language here communicates its intent to finally resolve all claims between the parties. Who should receive the purchase price of the property under the contract was not an issue raised in the pleadings. Rather, in light of the court's resolution of the claims and issues in the case, and in light of the changed circumstances while the case was pending, including Straightedge's dissolution, Hines’ bankruptcy, and transfer of possession of the property to Jordan Snider, the court had to then determine who was to receive the purchase price WQP was obligated to pay.
Moreover, this judgment operates in praesenti (at the present time), in that it requires all parties to take action with regard to the claim at issue—title to the property—without condition or the possibility of future change. Compare Thompson, 348 S.W.2d at 14-15 (holding that judgment ordering damages to be paid only if defendant failed to comply with judgment restraining defendants’ operation of mill within 30 days of judgment did not operate in praesenti because it left question of damages dependent on event which might or might not occur) with Clasen, 413 S.W.2d at 597 (finding declaratory judgment determining rights and duties of parties under lease was final despite provision stating trial court retained jurisdiction to order accounting if plaintiffs failed to furnish figures for periods covered by lease). In light of the foregoing, the trial court's first judgment was a final judgment. No party appealed this judgment.
The trial court's second judgment, therefore, quieting title to the property and ejecting the Sniders from the property, properly relied on the court's prior finding that title to the property should be vested in WQP. We find no error in the trial court's judgment in this respect.
To the extent the Sniders argue that the trial court's first judgment was not capable of enforcement because Straightedge could not have executed a general warranty deed for the property, the Sniders failed to appeal that judgment and their argument is not properly before us in the present appeal of the second judgment. The present judgment relied on the trial court's conclusion that WQP is the rightful owner of the property, and quieted title accordingly. We find no error in the trial court's actions in this regard.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Philip M. Hess, J., and Michael E. Gardner, J., concur.