Opinion
Docket No. 67523.
Decided November 6, 1984. Leave to appeal applied for.
Van Benschoten, Hurlburt Van Benschoten, P.C. (by Lawrence A. Hurlburt), for plaintiffs.
William E. Jungerheld, and Bruce E. Otto (of counsel), for defendant.
Defendant Vean Miller, doing business as Shamrock Party Store, appeals by leave granted from a denial of his motion for summary judgment. GCR 1963, 117.2(1).
Plaintiffs alleged that on October 1, 1976, Steven Verdusco, a minor, was in the company of three friends. On at least three occasions that evening, Daniel Alcorta, a 16-year-old friend accompanying Verdusco, purchased beer from defendant with money provided in part by Verdusco. Verdusco and his friend were later dropped off at a bar where they were served more drinks. On his way home, Verdusco sat or lay down on some railroad tracks and was severely injured by a passing train. It is apparently not contested that Verdusco's intoxicated condition caused him to put himself in the position to suffer his injury.
Plaintiffs' complaint against defendant, as amended, asserts two causes of action: (1) an action in favor of Steven Verdusco for gross negligence and wilful and wanton misconduct in furnishing alcoholic beverages to him contrary to law, and (2) an action in favor of plaintiff-parents under the dramshop act, MCL 436.22; MSA 18.993.
Defendant sought summary judgment as to both counts in plaintiffs' amended complaint, arguing first that Count I alleged nothing more than a violation of defendant's duty not to sell intoxicants to minors, for which the dramshop act is the exclusive remedy. As to Count II, defendant argued that since plaintiffs did not allege that defendant sold intoxicants directly to Steven Verdusco, plaintiffs had failed to state a claim for which relief may be granted. The trial court denied defendant's motion as to both counts.
We find that the trial court erred in refusing to grant defendant's motion for summary judgment as to the claim of Steven Verdusco. It is clear that this count was an attempt to proceed on a common-law theory as an alternative to the dramshop act. No common-law action exists for negligently selling alcohol to a minor. A dramshop action is the exclusive remedy in such a matter. Browder v International Fidelity Ins Co, 413 Mich. 603; 321 N.W.2d 668 (1982); Cornack v Sweeney, 127 Mich. App. 375; 339 N.W.2d 26 (1983); Lucido v Apollo Lanes Bar, Inc, 123 Mich. App. 267; 333 N.W.2d 246 (1983), lv den 417 Mich. 1087 (1983).
Plaintiffs argue, and the trial court found, that this Court recognized a common-law action for gross negligence or wilful, wanton, or intentional misconduct in Grasser v Fleming, 74 Mich. App. 338; 253 N.W.2d 757 (1977). In Grasser, the complaint alleged that a licensed liquor establishment sold alcohol to a known compulsive alcoholic contrary to a promise made by the tavern owner to refrain from serving that person. In the present case, the trial court improperly denied defendant's motion for summary judgment. The Grasser exception does not apply in this case. See Barrett v Campbell, 131 Mich. App. 552, 558; 345 N.W.2d 614 (1983).
As for the second issue, plaintiff-parents are proceeding on a theory, well developed in their amended complaint, that the actual purchaser, Daniel Alcorta, was acting as Steven Verdusco's agent, and that the facts surrounding the repeated purchases should have alerted the seller to this arrangement. Defendant argues, however, that any liability imposed by the dramshop act does not reach beyond the immediate provider of the intoxicants, which in the instant case was Daniel Alcorta. The trial court held that an agency theory was available to plaintiffs to satisfy the statutory requirements of the dramshop act. MCL 436.22; MSA 18.993. We agree.
A motion for summary judgment for failure to state a claim, GCR 1963, 117.2(1), tests the legal sufficiency of the pleadings alone. The factual allegations made in the complaint must be presumed true along with any inferences or conclusions which may be fairly drawn from them. Unless the claim is so unenforceable as a matter of law that no factual development could possibly justify recovery, the motion should not be granted. Barrett v Campbell, supra, p 558; Romeo v Van Otterloo, 117 Mich. App. 333, 337; 323 N.W.2d 693 (1982).
In Maldonado v Claud's Inc, 347 Mich. 395; 79 N.W.2d 847 (1956), the defendant liquor seller furnished a case of beer to a minor, who then shared the beer with two other persons. Plaintiff was subsequently injured by those two persons. The Supreme Court held that the defendant liquor seller could not be held liable for the plaintiff's injuries under the dramshop act. However, the Court stated:
"In the case at bar the purchase, which the jury found from the testimony was made, was by Mario. He did not act as the agent of his companions, or any of them. The latter had no interest, other than a possible expectant one, in the beer and no right to insist that Mario share it with them. His doing so was a mere act of hospitality on his part. No claim is made, and there is no proof tending to show, that he made any statement to any of defendant's agents or employees indicating that he was making the purchase for others, or that the circumstances known to defendant suggested that such was the fact. The record is silent in this respect. The only conclusion that may be drawn from the testimony is that Mario obtained the beer and that he was entitled to, and did, control its disposition. Under the facts and applicable principles of statutory construction defendant may not be held liable for the injuries sustained by plaintiff at the hands of David and Pena." Maldonado, supra, p 409.
Although no agency was found in Maldonado, the Supreme Court recognized that such a relationship could exist under the proper circumstances.
Similarly, in Meyer v State Line Super Mart, Inc, 1 Mich. App. 562, 569; 137 N.W.2d 299 (1965), this Court, addressing a similar issue, held:
"Braunsdorf, in purchasing the beer from defendant, could have been legally acting for Dombkowski, as agent, and under proper circumstances, could subject defendant to damages caused by Dombkowski. See Ryerson v Phelps (1910), 163 Mich. 237.
"Plaintiff did allege in her declaration that Braunsdorf was the agent of Dombkowski and others and set up allegations to show the nature of such agency. She further stated that there was an illegal sale to all four minors by reason of the agency claimed. She did not specifically connect the defendant with such agency by alleging that defendant's agents or employees were informed that Braunsdorf was purchasing for others or that the circumstances surrounding such purchases would indicate to defendant that such was the fact. These facts may very well have been more in the knowledge of defendant than plaintiff.
"We conclude under the circumstances that the case should not have been dismissed."
The trial court properly found that plaintiffs alleged facts and circumstances sufficient to preclude summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). We, therefore, affirm the trial court's denial of summary judgment as to this count.
Reversed in part and affirmed in part. No costs, neither party having prevailed in full.