Opinion
124 CA 21-01474
06-30-2023
Jose VEGA, Plaintiff-Appellant-Respondent, v. FNUB, INC., Defendant, and LPCiminelli, Inc., Defendant-Respondent-Appellant. FNUB, Inc., Third-Party Plaintiff, and LPCiminelli, Inc., Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellant-Respondent, v. Franco Associates, L.P., Third-Party Defendant-Respondent-Appellant.
DOLCE PANEPINTO, P.C., BUFFALO (ANNE M. WHEELER OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT. HODGSON RUSS LLP, BUFFALO (ALEXANDRIA N. ROWEN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT AND THIRD-PARTY PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT. PILLINGER MILLER TARALLO, LLP, BUFFALO (KENNETH A. KRAJEWSKI OF COUNSEL), FOR THIRD-PARTY DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
DOLCE PANEPINTO, P.C., BUFFALO (ANNE M. WHEELER OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT.
HODGSON RUSS LLP, BUFFALO (ALEXANDRIA N. ROWEN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT AND THIRD-PARTY PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT-RESPONDENT.
PILLINGER MILLER TARALLO, LLP, BUFFALO (KENNETH A. KRAJEWSKI OF COUNSEL), FOR THIRD-PARTY DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, CURRAN, MONTOUR, AND OGDEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified on the law by granting those parts of the cross-motion of defendant-third-party plaintiff LPCiminelli, Inc. seeking summary judgment on its cause of action for contractual indemnification against third-party defendant and seeking dismissal of third-party defendant's counterclaim against it and dismissing that counterclaim, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this Labor Law and common-law negligence action against defendant-third-party plaintiff, LPCiminelli, Inc. (defendant), seeking to recover damages for injuries he sustained on a construction site. Defendant was the general contractor for a project consisting of the construction of a new building, and third-party defendant, Franco Associates, L.P. (Franco), was the masonry subcontractor. Defendant commenced a third-party action against Franco for, inter alia, contractual indemnification, and Franco asserted a counterclaim for indemnification from defendant.
On the day of the accident, plaintiff was operating a buck hoist, which is an elevator affixed to the outside of a building under construction, and was transporting both workers and materials in the buck hoist. There was a two- to four-inch gap between the building and the buck hoist, and when the buck hoist stopped at a building level, plaintiff was required to place a metal plate over that gap before anything heavy or with wheels was moved on or off the buck hoist. The accident occurred when plaintiff took the buck hoist to the eighth floor of the building, and an employee of Franco attempted to roll an electric pallet jack loaded with mortar and block debris onto the buck hoist without first waiting for plaintiff to put down the metal plate. As a result, the wheels of the pallet jack became stuck in the gap, causing some debris to fall off the pallet jack. Plaintiff used an angle iron as a lever to try and push the pallet jack upward and back out of the buck hoist. When plaintiff attempted to do so, the angle iron "gave way," the pallet jack shifted back down, and plaintiff slipped on some of the fallen debris and was injured.
Plaintiff moved for partial summary judgment on liability on the Labor Law §§ 240 (1) and 241 (6) causes of action. Defendant cross-moved for, inter alia, summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's complaint against it and, in the third-party action, for summary judgment on its cause of action for contractual indemnification and dismissing Franco's counterclaim against it. Franco cross-moved for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's Labor Law §§ 240 (1) and 241 (6) causes of action and dismissing the third-party complaint. Supreme Court, inter alia, in the main action denied plaintiff's motion, granted those parts of defendant's and Franco's cross-motions for summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 240 (1) cause of action, granted those parts of defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence causes of action, and denied those parts of defendant's and Franco's cross-motions for summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 241 (6) cause of action to the extent it was predicated upon the violations of 12 NYCRR 23-1.7 (d) and 23-2.1 (b). In the third-party action, the court denied the relief sought by both defendant and Franco. Plaintiff appeals, and defendant and Franco cross-appeal.
Contrary to plaintiff's contention on his appeal, the court properly denied that part of his motion seeking summary judgment on the Labor Law § 240 (1) cause of action and granted those parts of defendant's and Franco's cross-motions for summary judgment seeking dismissal of that cause of action. " ‘[T]he extraordinary protections of [ Labor Law § 240 (1) ] apply only to a narrow class of dangers,’ " i.e., " ‘special hazards’ presenting ‘elevation-related risk[s]’ " ( Nicometi v. Vineyards of Fredonia, LLC , 25 N.Y.3d 90, 96-97, 7 N.Y.S.3d 263, 30 N.E.3d 154 [2015], rearg denied 25 N.Y.3d 1195, 16 N.Y.S.3d 54, 37 N.E.3d 113 [2015] ). Thus, "[l]iability may ... be imposed under [ Labor Law § 240 (1) ] only where the ‘plaintiff's injuries were the direct consequence of a failure to provide adequate protection against a risk arising from a physically significant elevation differential’ " ( id. at 97, 7 N.Y.S.3d 263, 30 N.E.3d 154, quoting Runner v. New York Stock Exch., Inc. , 13 N.Y.3d 599, 603, 895 N.Y.S.2d 279, 922 N.E.2d 865 [2009] ). We conclude as a matter of law that plaintiff's injuries resulted from a routine workplace risk of a construction site and not an elevation-related risk to which the statute applies (see Branch v. 1908 W. Ridge Rd, LLC , 199 A.D.3d 1362, 1362-1363, 154 N.Y.S.3d 536 [4th Dept. 2021] ; Carr v. McHugh Painting Co., Inc. , 126 A.D.3d 1440, 1443, 7 N.Y.S.3d 739 [4th Dept. 2015] ; see generally Wilinski v. 334 E. 92nd Hous. Dev. Fund Corp. , 18 N.Y.3d 1, 7, 935 N.Y.S.2d 551, 959 N.E.2d 488 [2011] ).
Contrary to plaintiff's further contention on his appeal, the court properly denied that part of his motion seeking summary judgment on the Labor Law § 241 (6) cause of action and, contrary to defendant's and Franco's contentions on their cross-appeals, the court properly denied those parts of their cross-motions seeking dismissal of that cause of action to the extent it is predicated upon the violation of 12 NYCRR 23-1.7 (d) and 23-2.1 (b). Section 23-1.7 (d) provides that "[e]mployers shall not suffer or permit any employee to use a floor, passageway, walkway, scaffold, platform or other elevated working surface which is in a slippery condition. Ice, snow, water, grease and any other foreign substance which may cause slippery footing shall be removed, sanded or covered to provide safe footing." The regulation is sufficiently specific to support a Labor Law § 241 (6) cause of action (see Rizzuto v. L.A. Wenger Contr. Co. , 91 N.Y.2d 343, 350-351, 670 N.Y.S.2d 816, 693 N.E.2d 1068 [1998] ; Kobel v. Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. , 83 A.D.3d 1435, 1436, 920 N.Y.S.2d 557 [4th Dept. 2011] ) and, contrary to defendant's and Franco's contentions, the regulation is not limited to elevated surfaces (see Kobel , 83 A.D.3d at 1436, 920 N.Y.S.2d 557 ; Cottone v. Dormitory Auth. of State of N.Y. , 225 A.D.2d 1032, 1033, 639 N.Y.S.2d 631 [4th Dept. 1996] ). We conclude, however, that a triable issue of fact exists whether the regulation applies to the facts of this case, including whether mortar and block debris constituted a "foreign substance" and caused a "slippery condition" within the meaning of that regulation (see generally Marino v. Manning Squires Hennig Co., Inc. , 208 A.D.3d 1020, 1021-1022, 173 N.Y.S.3d 788 [4th Dept. 2022] ; Hageman v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc. , 45 A.D.3d 730, 732, 846 N.Y.S.2d 302 [2d Dept. 2007] ; Ventura v. Lancet Arch, Inc. , 5 A.D.3d 1053, 1054, 773 N.Y.S.2d 683 [4th Dept. 2004] ).
12 NYCRR 23-2.1 (b) provides that "[d]ebris shall be handled and disposed of by methods that will not endanger any person employed in the area of such disposal or any person lawfully frequenting such area." The regulation is sufficiently specific to support a Labor Law § 241 (6) cause of action (see Finocchi v. Live Nation, Inc. , 141 A.D.3d 1092, 1094, 34 N.Y.S.3d 840 [4th Dept. 2016] ). We conclude, however, that there is a triable issue of fact whether the regulation was violated (see Kvandal v. Westminster Presbyt. Socy. of Buffalo, Inc. , 254 A.D.2d 818, 818-819, 678 N.Y.S.2d 185 [4th Dept. 1998] ; see also St. John v. Westwood-Squibb Pharms., Inc. , 138 A.D.3d 1501, 1503, 31 N.Y.S.3d 720 [4th Dept. 2016] ) and whether the way the mortar and block debris was handled and disposed of on the project was a proximate cause of plaintiff's injuries (see generally Calderon v. Walgreen Co. , 72 A.D.3d 1532, 1533-1534, 900 N.Y.S.2d 533 [4th Dept. 2010], appeal dismissed 15 N.Y.3d 900, 912 N.Y.S.2d 568, 938 N.E.2d 1002 [2010] ).
Contrary to plaintiff's contention on his appeal and Franco's contention on its cross-appeal, the court properly granted those parts of defendant's cross-motion seeking summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence causes of action. Where the alleged defect or dangerous condition arises from the contractor's methods and the owner or general contractor "exercises no supervisory control over the operation, no liability attaches to the owner [or general contractor] under the common law or under section 200 of the Labor Law" ( Lombardi v. Stout , 80 N.Y.2d 290, 295, 590 N.Y.S.2d 55, 604 N.E.2d 117 [1992] ; see Ross v. Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co. , 81 N.Y.2d 494, 505, 601 N.Y.S.2d 49, 618 N.E.2d 82 [1993] ). Here, plaintiff's injuries arose from the method and manner of performing the work and not a dangerous condition on the worksite. Inasmuch as it was undisputed that defendant did not supervise or control the injury-producing work, it established its entitlement to summary judgment on the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence causes of action (see Anderson v. National Grid USA Serv. Co. , 166 A.D.3d 1513, 1513-1514, 87 N.Y.S.3d 768 [4th Dept. 2018] ; Alati v. Divin Bldrs., Inc. , 137 A.D.3d 1577, 1579, 27 N.Y.S.3d 747 [4th Dept. 2016] ). Plaintiff and Franco failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition to those parts of defendant's cross-motion (see generally Zuckerman v. City of New York , 49 N.Y.2d 557, 562, 427 N.Y.S.2d 595, 404 N.E.2d 718 [1980] ).
We agree with defendant on its cross-appeal that the court erred in denying those parts of its cross-motion seeking summary judgment on its cause of action for contractual indemnification and dismissing Franco's counterclaim against it. We therefore modify the order accordingly. "[A] party seeking contractual indemnification must prove itself free from negligence, because to the extent its negligence contributed to the accident, it cannot be indemnified therefor" ( Cava Constr. Co., Inc. v. Gealtec Remodeling Corp. , 58 A.D.3d 660, 662, 871 N.Y.S.2d 654 [2d Dept. 2009] ; see General Obligations Law § 5-322.1 ; Brown v. Two Exch. Plaza Partners , 76 N.Y.2d 172, 180-181, 556 N.Y.S.2d 991, 556 N.E.2d 430 [1990] ). In addition, "the right to contractual indemnification depends upon the specific language of the contract" ( Allington v. Templeton Found. , 167 A.D.3d 1437, 1441, 90 N.Y.S.3d 735 [4th Dept. 2018] [internal quotation marks omitted]). The indemnification provision in the subcontract between defendant and Franco provides, inter alia, that Franco agreed to indemnify defendant "from and against any and all losses, claims, actions, demands, damages, liabilities, or expenses ... by reason of the liability imposed by law or otherwise upon ... [defendant] ... for damages because of bodily injuries, including death, at any time resulting therefrom sustained by any person ... arising out of or resulting from performance of [Franco's] [w]ork, or from any acts or omissions on the part of [Franco], its employees, agents, or representatives." Defendant established as a matter of law that it was not negligent and that plaintiff's injuries arose out of Franco's work (see Tanksley v. LCO Bldg. LLC , 196 A.D.3d 1037, 1038, 151 N.Y.S.3d 293 [4th Dept. 2021] ; see generally Allington , 167 A.D.3d at 1440-1441, 90 N.Y.S.3d 735 ). Franco failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition (see generally Miller v. Rerob, LLC , 197 A.D.3d 979, 981, 153 N.Y.S.3d 357 [4th Dept. 2021] ).
We have considered the parties’ remaining contentions on the appeal and cross-appeals and conclude that they do not require reversal or further modification of the order.