Summary
filling in on one-time basis for vacationing manager at another location with the option of staying overnight or commuting
Summary of this case from Sheets v. ChepkoOpinion
A8401-00492; CA A41879
Argued and submitted February 17, 1988
Reversed and remanded with instructions June 15, 1988 Reconsideration denied August 5, 1988 Petition for review denied August 30, 1988 ( 306 Or. 528)
Appeal from Circuit Court, Multnomah County.
Richard L. Unis, Judge.
Raymond L. Conboy, Portland, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief were Jan Thomas Baisch and Pozzi, Wilson, Atchison, O'Leary Conboy, Portland.
John R. Faust, Jr., Portland, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Schwabe, Williamson Wyatt, Portland.
Before Richardson, Presiding Judge, and Warren and Rossman, Judges.
ROSSMAN, J.
Reversed and remanded with instructions to set aside judgment in favor of Knappton Corporation and enter judgment for plaintiff against Knappton.
Warren, J., dissenting.
This action is before us for the second time. In the previous appeal, 73 Or. App. 684, 699 P.2d 1176 (1985), Knappton Corporation (Knappton) had been granted a summary judgment on the ground that respondeat superior did not apply and, therefore, that it was not liable for the negligence of its employe, Eubanks. We reversed. On remand, the trial court denied plaintiff's motion for directed verdict on his claim against Knappton, and the jury found for Knappton. Plaintiff appeals, contending that the court erred in denying his motion for a directed verdict. We reverse with instructions to grant plaintiff's motion.
The facts were undisputed on the summary judgment motion and, on remand, the testimony at the trial regarding the employment was essentially the same.
Plaintiff was injured in an automobile accident and brought an action against the other driver Eubanks and Eubank's employer, Knappton. Eubanks was a dispatcher for Knappton. He lived in Castle Rock, Washington. For two and a half years before the accident, his normal place of employment was Rainier. Three days before the accident, Eubanks was instructed by his supervisor to go to Astoria to fill in for the operations manager, who was on vacation. The superior gave him the alternative to stay overnight in Astoria, in which case Knappton would pay for his lodging, or to commute from his home in Washington, in which case Knappton would reimburse him 20 cents a mile from Rainier to Astoria. Eubanks' hours of employment in Astoria were not set, but he usually tried to be at work by 7 a.m. He was on 24-hour call. On the day of the accident, he was driving his own car from his home to Astoria. The accident occurred at about 6:45 a.m. on U.S. Highway 30, 15 miles east of Astoria.
Plaintiff moved for a directed verdict on the issue of respondeat superior. The trial court stated that it would have ruled as a matter of law that there was an agency but believed that our first opinion, and Supreme Court authorities, made the issue a question for the jury. The jury found that Eubanks was not acting within the course and scope of his employment when the accident occurred, and judgment was entered against Eubanks alone. The trial judge denied plaintiff's motion for a judgment nov. Plaintiff's assignment of error is that he was entitled to a directed verdict that Knappton is liable for the acts of Eubanks.
Before the jury returned its verdict, plaintiff and Eubanks settled.
Knappton argues that plaintiff did not preserve the error by a proper motion for directed verdict. ORCP 63A. We conclude that the record shows that plaintiff put the issue before the trial judge.
The threshhold question is whether the trial court was correct in determining that the law of the case prevented it from directing a verdict in favor of plaintiff. The law of the case principle precludes relitigation or reconsideration of a point of law decided on appeal at an earlier stage of the same case. Koch v. So. Pac. Transp. Co., 274 Or. 499, 512, 547 P.2d 589 (1976); Public Market Co. v. Portland, 179 Or. 367, 373, 170 P.2d 586 (1946). In our first opinion, we stated:
"In this case, and in spite of [the supervisor's] testimony — some of it only legal conclusions — to the contrary, a jury could find that Eubanks'trip was at his employer's direction and on his employer's business. The fact that he was away from his usual place of business and was being paid for his mileage, together with the fact that the accident occurred at a time when, had he been at his usual place of work, Eubanks would have been on the job, would support such a conclusion. Summary judgment was inappropriate." 73 Or App at 687.
The question is whether that language required submitting the issue of respondeat superior to the jury or determined only that Knappton was not entitled to summary judgment.
To conclude that our earlier decision required sending the issue to the jury would be to ignore that the issue arose from a summary judgment granted on Knappton's motion. Summary judgment can only be granted when there is no genuine issue of any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. ORCP 47C. Even if facts are undisputed, if the inferences arising from them are susceptible to more than one reasonable conclusion, summary judgment should not be granted. See Chesterman v. Barmon, 82 Or. App. 1, 727 P.2d 130 (1986), aff'd 305 Or. 439, 753 P.2d 404 (1988). Knappton was the moving party and argued that, as a matter of law, the facts showed that it was not liable for Eubanks' actions. We rejected that position, noting that the undisputed facts gave rise to inferences besides those relied on by Knappton. Nothing was before us that would have permitted us to determine that Knappton was liable as a matter of law. Our holding did not prevent plaintiff from raising the issue at trial by a motion for directed verdict.
Accordingly, we turn to the issue presented by plaintiff's assignment of error. Both parties treat the question of whether respondeat superior liability can be imposed as a matter of law as an issue of first impression. Although neither we nor the parties have found a case imposing liability on a directed verdict, we have held that an employe can be held, as a matter of law, to be acting within the scope of employment. In Calif. Cas. Ins. v. David Douglas School Dist., 71 Or. App. 549, 693 P.2d 54 (1984), on reconsideration 74 Or. App. 270, 702 P.2d 1115, rev den 300 Or. 249 (1985), an employe of the school district was required to supervise an evening dance at the school. He was entitled either to compensation for eating dinner near the school or for his mileage to and from the school. On his way to the dance, he was involved in an accident. We held:
"The material facts are undisputed. The finder could not reasonably draw conflicting inferences from the facts. Whether [the employe] acted within the course and scope of his employment is a question of law." 74 Or App at 273. (Footnote omitted.)
Here, also, the material facts are undisputed. If the only reasonable conclusion arising from those facts is that Eubanks was acting within the scope of his employment, plaintiff has met his burden, and a directed verdict should have been granted. See Tiedemann v. Radiation Therapy Consultants, 299 Or. 238, 245, 701 P.2d 440 (1985).
The general rule is that an employe is not within the scope of his employment while going to or from his work. Heide/Parker v. T.C.I., Incorporated, 264 Or. 535, 539, 506 P.2d 486 (1973). However, an exception arises when there is some involvement of the employer or some facet of the employe's task which makes the travel work-related or employer-sponsored. Runyan v. Pickerd, 86 Or. App. 542, 547, 740 P.2d 209, rev den 304 Or. 279 (1987). The facts show that the exception applies here.
Eubanks was on 24-hour call by Knappton. His regular place of employment was Rainier. His sole reason for traveling beyond Rainier to Astoria on that morning was that his supervisor had directed him to do so to fill in for another Knappton employe. The trip to Astoria was undertaken solely for Knappton's purpose and at its direction. The travel was quite different from his daily commute. We hold, as a matter of law, that Eubanks was acting wi0thin the scope of his employment. See Calif. Cas. Ins. v. David Douglas School Dist., supra, 74 Or App at 274; see also Stanfield v. Laccoarce, 284 Or. 651, 655, 588 P.2d 1271 (1978). Plaintiff's motion for directed verdict should have been granted.
The dissent is wrong in saying that "Eubanks was employed only to supervise, not to drive or to make a trip beyond his regular work day." 91 Or App at 505. Knappton recognized that the trip from Rainier to Astoria was beyond Eubanks' regular work day. It paid him 20 cents a mile for the 50 miles between those two cities; it did not pay him mileage from his home in Castle Rock to Rainier. The fact that he chose to drive and did not stay overnight in Astoria does not negate the fact that the drive, if chosen, was a employer-sponsored commute. See Calif. Cas. Ins. v. David Douglas School Dist., supra, 74 Or App at 273 n 5.
Reversed and remanded with instructions to set aside judgment in favor of Knappton Corporation and enter judgment for plaintiff against Knappton Corporation.
I agree with the majority that evidence may be offered which provides a basis to decide that an employe is acting within the scope of his employment even though he is going to or coming from work. However, I disagree with the majority's conclusion that, as a matter of law, Eubanks' travel was work related or employer sponsored and, as a matter of law, took him outside the coming and going rule. The determination of whether Eubanks was merely on his way to work or was acting within the scope of his employment is a question of fact which was properly left for the jury to decide.
The majority treats two facts, change in work place and mileage reimbursement, as legally controlling. Those facts are relevant, but neither, in isolation or in combination, is determinative of the issue of scope of employment. Other facts make the issue a question for the jury.
Despite the change in work place, the accident occurred when Eubanks was driving to work, not while he was at work. The majority relies on Calif. Cas. Ins. v. David Douglas School Dist., 71 Or. App. 549, 693 P.2d 54, on reconsideration 74 Or. App. 270, 702 P.2d 1115, rev den 300 Or. 249 (1985), for the conclusion that Eubanks' conduct was within the scope of his employment as a matter of law. That reliance is misplaced, because the evidence in this case is different. There, the employe's job included making an additional trip back to school to supervise an evening dance. In this case, Eubanks was employed only to supervise, not to drive or to make a trip beyond his regular work day. Further, he was on the road, not because his employer required him to be, but because he elected to drive rather than to stay in Astoria. Presumably, he made that decision for his own convenience and not, as the majority states, "solely for Knappton's purpose and at its direction." 91 Or App at 504.
On the facts proved, the jury was not compelled to conclude that Eubanks was within the scope of his employment. Because more than one reasonable conclusion can be drawn from the facts, the issue was properly submitted to the jury for its resolution. See Stanfield v. Laccoarce, 284 Or. 651, 655, 588 P.2d 1271 (1978).
I dissent.