Opinion
Case No. CV-S-03-0089-KJD (LRL).
January 28, 2004
ORDER
Presently before the Court is the United States' Motion to Dismiss and for Summary Judgment (#9 and #10). At this point, Plaintiff has filed six motions for an extension of time to respond to the Government's motion to dismiss. The Court has granted four of the motions. Plaintiff's Motions for an Extension of Time (#18 and #19) request approximately until March 1, 2004 to respond to the Government's motions filed nine (9) months ago.
Under Local Rule 7-2(b), a party normally has fifteen (15) days to file an opposition to a motion. On September 30, 2003, the Court warned Plaintiff that no further extensions would be granted. Despite the Court's warning and patience in waiting for an opposition, Plaintiff has failed to act. Plaintiff's motions for an extension of time are denied. Furthermore, even if the Court were to grant Plaintiff's motions, it is a certainty that his opposition to the motion for summary judgment would fail. I. Background
In his complaint, Plaintiff alleges that the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") improperly determined that the collection action against him would be an appropriate action. Plaintiff argues that the determination Defendant issued on December 26, 2002, was in violation of the law. The collection activity at issue is a frivolous return penalty the IRS assessed against Plaintiff for the 1998 tax year. Despite the fact that he received income for the year, Plaintiff filed a federal income tax return with zeros on all the lines which reflected amounts of income earned or taxes due. Courts, however, have found that arguments in favor of "zero" returns, such as no applicable statutory income tax liability or wages not constituting income, are patently without merit. See Sisemore v. United States, 797 F.2d 268, 270 (6th Cir. 1986); Newman v. Comm'r, 83 T.C.M. (CCH) 1757 (2002). Accordingly, the IRS assessed a $500 penalty pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6702.
The IRS sent Plaintiff a "Final Notice-Notice of Intent to Levy and Notice of Your Rights to a Hearing" notifying him of his right to appeal the IRS's levy. Plaintiff timely filed the requisite Form 12153 "Request for a Collection Due Process Hearing" ("CDP Hearing"). On December 10, 2002, the IRS held the requested CDP Hearing, which Plaintiff attended. Subsequently, on December 26, 2002, the IRS Appeals Office sent a "Notice of Determination Concerning Collection Action(s) Under Section 6320 and/or 6330" informing Plaintiff that the proposed collection action, a levy, should continue unrestricted. Plaintiff timely filed the instant complaint seeking to set aside the IRS's determination. Defendant has now filed a motion to dismiss and for summary judgment.
II. Analysis
In reviewing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the Court "must construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff and must accept all well-pleaded factual allegations as true." Swarz v. United States, 234 F.3d 428, 435 (9th Cir. 2000). Review is limited to the contents of the complaint. See Sprewell v. Golden State Warriors, 231 F.3d 520, 527 (9th Cir. 2000). A complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claims that would entitle him to relief. See id. at 528. If matters outside the pleadings are considered, the court should treat the motion as one for summary judgment. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c).
The main issue before this Court is whether the IRS Appeals Office met all requirements of applicable law and administrative procedures when making its determination that the collection action against Plaintiff would be appropriate. A review of the complaint and moving papers indicates that the Defendant met all the administrative collection actions set forth in 26 U.S.C. § 6330: (1) Plaintiff timely received a notice of levy and requested a CDP hearing; (2) Plaintiff attended his CDP Hearing with an appeals officer who had no prior involvement with the subject tax liability; (3) the Appeals Office obtained Form 4340 from the IRS which serves as verification that the requirements of any applicable laws or administrative procedures were met; (4) Plaintiff raised no relevant issues or appropriate defenses pertaining to the proposed collection action and offered no feasible collection alternatives; (5) at the Hearing, Plaintiff challenged the liability for the penalty and whether the return filed was frivolous, arguments determined to be without merit by the appeals officer; and (6) in the attachment to the final determination, the appeals officer stated that the Secretary has provided sufficient verification that the requirements of all applicable laws and administrative procedures have been met.
In both his complaint and opposition to Defendant's motion to dismiss, Plaintiff raised the same meritless arguments that other individuals have previously raised before this Court in challenging the assessment of the frivolous return penalty. For example, these arguments typically include: (1) the IRS's failure to produce evidence of any delegated authority from the Secretary of Treasury to the various IRS employees invalidates the letters and notices these employees sent; (2) the IRS never produced a document supporting imposition of the penalties at issue; (3) no Treasury Department regulation requires that an individual pay the penalties at issue; (4) no statute establishes an underlying liability for the income tax to which the penalties relate; (5) Plaintiff never received the required statutory Notice and Demand for payment with regard to the penalties at issue; and (6) the IRS failed to produce the verification from the Secretary of Treasury that the requirement of any applicable law or administrative procedure have been met in accordance with 26 U.S.C. § 6330. For the reasons stated in the Orders dismissing these other cases, Plaintiff's arguments in his complaint and opposition are patently meritless. See Ray v. United States, No. CV-S-03-0284-KJD (LRL), Order (#11) dated July 29, 2003, at 2-4; Carrillo v. United States, No. CV-S-02-0353-KJD (LRL), Order (#14) dated March 12, 2003, at 5-7; Wahl v. United States, No. CV-S-02-0239-KJD (RJJ), Order (#14) dated Jan. 31, 2003, at 7-9; Carini v. United States, No. CV-S-02-0169-KJD (RJJ), Order (#11) dated Dec. 2, 2002, at 5-7; Caldwell v. United States, CV-S-02-0045-KJD (PAL), Order (#16) dated Feb. 5, 2003, at 5-7; Ordunez v. United States, No. CV-S-02-0033-KJD (LRL), Order (#23) dated Feb. 3, 2003, at 4-7; Samlaska v. United States, No. CV-S-01-1237-KJD (PAL), Order (#17) dated July 31, 2002, at 6-8; Waller v. United States, No. CV-S-01-1190-KJD (PAL), Order (#11) dated Aug. 6, 2002, at 4-7;Blanchard v. United States, No. CV-S-01-1083-KJD (RJJ), Order (#16) dated July 31, 2002, at 5-7; Haas v. United States, No. CV-S-01-0905-KJD (RJJ), Order (#11) dated July 24, 2002, at 5-7.
Plaintiff additionally argues that the IRS's determination should be set aside because he was prohibited from recording the hearing, in violation of 26 U.S.C. § 7521. However, § 7521, which allows taxpayers to make an audio recording in connection with any in-person interview, is inapplicable to § 6330, which refers to a hearing, not an interview. See 26 U.S.C. § 6330. Furthermore, Collection Due Process hearings are supposed to be informal and there is no requirement that the hearings be recorded. See Rennie v. IRS, 216 F. Supp.2d 1078, 1079 n. 1 (E.D. Cal. 2002). III. Conclusion
The Defendant properly followed the requirements of all applicable laws and administrative procedures when assessing the frivolous return penalty and then determining the collection action would be appropriate. Additionally, the Plaintiff's arguments raised in his compliant and opposition to Defendant's motion are purely meritless, such that had the Defendant moved for Rule 11 Sanctions this Court would have freely granted them.
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendant's Motion to Dismiss (#9) is GRANTED;
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that all other outstanding motions are DENIED as moot.