Summary
upholding EEOC subpoenas seeking interviews with managers and employees after individual complainant settled claim to discover whether there was general pattern of discriminatory hiring and job assignment
Summary of this case from Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. United Parcel Serv. Inc.Opinion
No. 03 C 564
March 26, 2003.
John C. Hendrickson, Gregory M. Gochanour, United States Equal Employment, Opportunity Commission, Richard John Mrizek, U.S. Equal Employment, Opportunity Commission, Chicago, for United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, plaintiff.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Respondent Lakeside Building Maintenance, Inc. ("Lakeside") is a commercial contract cleaner whose 5500 employees provide cleaning and maintenance services to other businesses. Lue Bowens, an African-American Lakeside employee, worked at an office building in downtown Chicago. On November 13, 2000, Ms. Bowens filed a discrimination charge with applicant United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC"), alleging that Lakeside discriminated against her on the basis of her non-Polish national origin by conducting monthly meetings in Polish.
In the course of its investigation of this charge, the EEOC learned that most of Lakeside's downtown workers were of Polish origin, and that most of its suburban workers, who receive lower pay and are faced with a long commute, are of non-Polish origin. In light of these findings, the EEOC expanded its investigation beyond the boundaries of Ms. Bowens' case in order to discover whether a general pattern of discriminatory hiring and job assignment existed at Lakeside. In order to further that inquiry, in March 2002 the EEOC requested interviews with several Lakeside managers from various downtown and suburban work sites. On April 8, 2002, Ms. Bowens requested that the EEOC allow her to withdraw her charge. The request was denied, and the EEOC continued its investigation. On April 29, 2002, Lakeside informed the EEOC that it had independently settled with Ms. Bowens. The EEOC continued, unsuccessfully, to schedule interviews with Lakeside managers, and on August 5, 2002, it subpoenaed the testimony of seven Lakeside employees. The following week, Lakeside served the EEOC with a Petition to Revoke Subpoena, objecting to the subpoena on relevance grounds. This petition was denied by the EEOC on October 7, 2002. The EEOC has applied to this court seeking enforcement of its subpoena. I grant the application.
Lakeside's argument that the information sought is not relevant to Ms. Bowens' case is not supported by the law. "The courts uniformly uphold the relevancy of EEOC subpoenas seeking information about discrimination not specifically alleged in the charge." EEOC v. Bay Shipbuilding Corp., 668 F.2d 304, 311 n. 8 (7th Cir. 1981). As long as the EEOC is seeking material which might "cast light" on the allegations against the employer, the material is discoverable. EEOC v. Shell Oil, 466 U.S. 54, 69, 104 S.Ct. 1621, 80 L.Ed.2d 41 (1984). More specifically, since discrimination on the basis of race or national origin is by definition class discrimination, "the existence of patterns of racial discrimination in job classifications or hiring situation other than those of the complainants may well justify the inference that the practices complained of" were motivated by impermissible factors. Blue Bell Boots, Inc. v. EEOC, 418 F.2d 355, 358 (6th Cir. 1969), cited with approval by the Supreme Court in Shell Oil, 466 U.S. at 69 n. 20, 104 S.Ct. 1621. Therefore, the fact that some of the managers the EEOC seeks to interview do not know Ms. Bowens does not matter; the agency may inquire whether Ms. Bowens was one of many victims of national origin discrimination.
Lakeside spends a fair portion of its brief attempting to link this case to EEOC v. United Air Lines, Inc., 287 F.3d 643 (7th Cir. 2002), where the Seventh Circuit overruled a district court's order that an employer comply with an EEOC subpoena on the grounds that the subpoena was unduly burdensome and the employer had a valid affirmative defense to the underlying charge. That case is easily distinguishable from this case. United involved an expansive and extremely burdensome subpoena seeking complex information about the employment history of each of thousands of United employees living abroad, information which United claimed would take five full-time employees more than a year to compile. In contrast, the seven interviews the EEOC seeks here could be completed in a week. Furthermore, the United court found that an international treaty probably prevented United from granting the complainant the benefits she was allegedly denied on the basis of her national origin. Lakeside has no such legal defense to Ms. Bowens' claim. While Ms. Bowens may have settled her differences with her employer, the EEOC has chosen not to close her case. It is entitled to continue investigation of the charges.
The information the EEOC seeks is relevant and not unduly burdensome to Lakeside. Lakeside is hereby ordered to comply in full with the outstanding subpoena.