The subsequent search of Mocek was also proper. “For a search incident to an arrest to be legitimate, the following must be true: ‘(1) a legitimate basis for the arrest existed before the search, and (2) the arrest followed shortly after the search.’ ” United States v. Giangola, No. CR 07–0706 JB, 2008 WL 6020505, *17 (D.N.M. July 24, 2008) (Browning, J.)(quoting United States v. Anchondo, 156 F.3d 1043, 1045 (10th Cir.1998)).
Further, "[f]or a search incident to an arrest to be legitimate, the following must be true: '(1) a legitimate basis for the arrest existed before the search, and (2) the arrest followed shortly after the search.'" United States v. Giangola, No. CR 07-0706 JB, 2008 WL 6020505, *17 (D.N.M. July 24, 2008)(Browning, J.)(quoting United States v. Anchondo, 156 F.3d 1043, 1045 (10th Cir. 1998)). The Court concludes that the search incident to Mocek's arrest was valid, because the AAPD officers had probable cause to arrest him, and because, as Mocek alleges, he was searched as soon as he was taken to the AAPD offices, immediately after his arrest.
SeeN.M.S.A.1978, § 66–8–125(B) (“To arrest without warrant, the arresting officer must have reasonable grounds, based on personal investigation which may include information from eyewitnesses, to believe the person arrested has committed a crime.”). United States v. Giangola, No. 07–0706, 2008 WL 6020505, at *23 (D.N.M. July 24, 2008)(Browning, J.). Violations of state law do not support a federal cause of action for violations of the United States Constitution.
See N.M. S.A.1978, § 66-8-125(B) ("To arrest without warrant, the arresting officer must have reasonable grounds, based on personal investigation which may include information from eyewitnesses, to believe the person arrested has committed a crime.").United States v. Giangola, No. 07-0706, 2008 WL 6020505, at *23 (D.N.M. July 24, 2008)(Browning, J.). Violations of state law do not support a federal cause of action for violations of the United States Constitution.
Courts have treated a frisk or pat-down as a precaution that logically accompanies the more intrusive step of handcuffing. See United States v. Giangola, No. CR 07-0706 JB, 2008 WL 6020505, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 108747 (D.N.M. July 24, 2008) ("[T]he officers' failure to conduct any frisk or search before they attempted to handcuff [defendant] suggests that any fear that [they] had that there were weapons lacked a reasonable foundation."); Sanders, 994 F.2d at 209 (removal of handcuffs without frisking would cause perceived danger to "return in full force"); Womack, 673 A.2d at 614 n. 25 (noting that the dissenting panel member, who would have held that the handcuffing was unlawful because police had no basis to suspect that Womack was dangerous, cited the fact "that the officers did not [even] frisk Womack before handcuffing him. . . ."); see also LaFave, supra, § 9.6 (4th ed. Supp.2009-10) ("An otherwise valid frisk is not objectionable because the suspect was first placed in handcuffs. . . .").