Summary
holding that admission of evidence of and charge to jury regarding workers' compensation benefits did not warrant the grant of a new trial because "the giving of a charge or the admission or exclusion of evidence, which go only to the matters of damages or the measure of damages, are harmless and afford no ground for reversal [when] a verdict was returned in favor of the defendant" (punctuation omitted)
Summary of this case from Endsley v. Geotechnical & Envtl. Consultants, Inc.Opinion
A90A1155.
DECIDED SEPTEMBER 12, 1990. REHEARING DENIED SEPTEMBER 26, 1990.
Grant of new trial. Muscogee State Court. Before Judge Johnson.
Grogan, Jones, Rumer Gunby, Milton Jones, Chambers, Mabry, McClelland Brooks, John C. Stivarius, for appellants.
Kenneth M. Henson, Jr., for appellee.
A new trial was granted to plaintiff Austin following a defendants' verdict and judgment in this product liability action stemming from injuries allegedly sustained by Austin when he fell from a chair manufactured by U.S. Industries and sold by Allied. The new trial was granted solely on the basis that under Polito v. Holland, 258 Ga. 54 ( 365 S.E.2d 273) (1988), the trial court improperly interpreted and applied OCGA § 51-12-1 (b) retroactively and thus, erroneously overruled plaintiff's motion in limine, allowed into evidence workers' compensation payments from collateral sources, and charged the jury accordingly. This jury charge was not a ground of the motion for new trial, which claimed the general grounds plus several special grounds relating to evidence and jury charges.
1. The first grant of a new trial on the general grounds will ordinarily not be disturbed by the appellate court absent an abuse of discretion in that the evidence demanded the verdict rendered. See OCGA §§ 5-5-50; 5-5-51, and Dunn v. Gilbert, 217 Ga. 358 ( 122 S.E.2d 93) (1961). However, "the first grant of a new trial on special grounds involving a question of law is reviewable in a proper appeal. [Cits.]" Smith v. Telecable of Columbus, 238 Ga. 559, 560 ( 234 S.E.2d 24) (1977). The latter governs our consideration. Cobb County Kennestone Hosp. Auth. v. Crumbley, 179 Ga. App. 896 ( 348 S.E.2d 49) (1986).
2. Austin's fall allegedly occurred on or about December 24, 1983, suit was filed on June 14, 1985, and the trial was in January 1988. As in Polito v. Holland, supra, which was decided in March 1988, the new substantive collateral source rule became effective after suit was filed and before trial. But "denial of [Austin's] motion in limine, the admission of collateral source evidence . . . , and the giving of the collateral source charge was error, as the collateral source rule of OCGA § 51-12-1 (b), which became effective July 1, 1987, cannot be given retroactive effect and operates prospectively only. Powell v. Stephens, 258 Ga. 149 ( 368 S.E.2d 518) [1988]; Polito, [supra]. However, the error to warrant reversal must be harmful, that is prejudicial to [Austin]. Thomas v. Clark, 188 Ga. App. 606 ( 373 S.E.2d 668) [1988]; Kelley v. Harris, 187 Ga. App. 215 ( 369 S.E.2d 534) [1988]; Leverett v. Flint Fuel, 183 Ga. App. 75, 78 (3) ( 357 S.E.2d 882) [1987]." Malloy v. Elmore, 191 Ga. App. 564, 565 ( 382 S.E.2d 395) (1989). See also Malloy v. Daniel Lumber Co., 191 Ga. App. 234, 235 (1) ( 381 S.E.2d 406) (1989).
OCGA § 9-11-61 precludes a new trial unless the refusal to grant one "appears to the court inconsistent with substantial justice."
Although the court's order of January 1989 granting the new trial stated that the admission into evidence of collateral payments and instruction to the jury in this regard were so prejudicial and harmful so as to affect the verdict, the court did not explain how this was so. The record denies the presence of any prejudice or harm. The court's collateral source charge expressly confined the jury's consideration of the collateral source evidence to its determination of the amount of damages to be awarded to the plaintiff. Under the court's limiting instructions, the collateral source evidence did not weigh into the jury's deliberations because it never reached the question of damages; it found defendants not liable, so damage issues became moot. The court had also clearly instructed the jury: "Obviously, before you consider damages, you must first determine the liability of the defendant." As noted in Malloy, we will not "speculate that the jury would ignore the limited purpose for which the collateral source evidence was admitted and would consider it in determining the question of liability."
"`It is well-settled that "the giving of a charge . . . or . . . the admission or exclusion of evidence, which go only to the matters of damages or the measure of damages, are harmless and afford no ground for reversal where a verdict was returned in favor of the defendant."' [Cits.]" Id. at 565. See also Reliford v. Central of Ga. R. Co., 140 Ga. App. 782, 783 (4) ( 232 S.E.2d 129) (1976).
The absence of prejudice or harm from the error which prompted the grant of new trial rendered it erroneous as a matter of law; plaintiff was not entitled to retrial on that basis.
3. The foregoing makes it unnecessary to address the remaining enumerations of error.
Judgment reversed. Deen, P. J., and Pope, J., concur.