Opinion
No. 18-10194
10-30-2019
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MELVIN WHITEHEAD, AKA Archie Parks, AKA Marvin Roy Whitehead, AKA Melvin Ray Whitehead, AKA Melvin Ray Y, Defendant-Appellant.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 1:17-cr-00177-DAD-BAM-1 MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California
Dale A. Drozd, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted October 22, 2019 San Francisco, California Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and HAWKINS and BADE, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. --------
Melvin Whitehead pleaded guilty to possessing a firearm as a felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). At sentencing, the district court found that Whitehead's prior conviction for battery with injury on a peace officer, in violation of California Penal Code ("C.P.C.") § 243(c)(2), qualified as a categorical crime of violence under the United States Sentencing Guidelines ("U.S.S.G.") §§ 2K2.1(a) and 4B1.2(a) and applied an increased base offense level. Whitehead appeals his sentence and argues that his prior conviction should not qualify as a crime of violence. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo whether a defendant's prior conviction qualifies as a crime of violence under the Sentencing Guidelines, United States v. Gasca-Ruiz, 852 F.3d 1167, 1174 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc) (citations omitted), and we affirm.
"In order to determine whether a conviction qualifies as a crime of violence as defined in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(1), [the court applies] the categorical approach set forth in Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575, 600-02 (1990)." United States v. Perez, 932 F.3d 782, 784 (9th Cir. 2019). In United States v. Colon-Arreola, 753 F.3d 841, 843-45 (9th Cir. 2014), this court applied Taylor's categorical approach and held that a violation of C.P.C. § 243(c)(2) is a crime of violence, as defined in the Sentencing Guidelines. Thus, Colon-Arreola is binding precedent in which this court has already decided the issue that Whitehead presents in this case. See Hart v. Massanari, 266 F.3d 1155, 1170-71 (9th Cir. 2001). As such, Hart forecloses Whitehead's argument that Colon-Arreola incorrectly applied Taylor's categorical approach. Id.
AFFIRMED.