Opinion
Case No. 02-40073-02-JAR
02-07-2018
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. BENJAMIN C. REYES, Defendant.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
On June 16, 2003, Defendant Benjamin Reyes pleaded guilty to one count of possession with the intent to distribute approximately 10.8 kilograms of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). On September 15, 2003, this Court sentenced Defendant to 240 months' imprisonment. At Defendant's request, the Court recommended he participate in a drug treatment program while incarcerated, including the Residential Drug Abuse Program ("RDAP").
Doc. 88.
Doc. 98.
Id., Doc. 95.
This matter is now before the Court on Defendant's pro se Motion for Recommendation to the Bureau of Prisons ("BOP"), requesting the Court make a recommendation to include the Second Chance Act so that Defendant can transfer to a residential re-entry center ("RRC") after he completes RDAP (Doc. 106). The Court construes this as a motion to amend the judgment or, in the alternative, for a supplemental recommendation by the Court made outside of the judgment concerning RRC placement. As explained below, Defendant's motion is denied.
See United States v. McMillon, No. 15-40064-05-DDC, 2017 WL 5904052, at *1 (D. Kan. Nov. 30, 2017) (construing defendant's motion for recommendation concerning length of residential re-entry center, halfway house, or home confinement placement time as a motion to amend the judgment, or, in the alternative, for a supplemental recommendation by the court made outside of the judgment concerning RRC or halfway house placement because the court already had made recommendations regarding defendant's prison placement, but made no recommendation about RRC or halfway house placement); United States v. Grant, No. 14-CR-296-FL-1, 2017 WL 2799851, at *1 (E.D.N.C. June 28, 2017) (same).
First, the Court has no authority or basis to amend the judgment. "A district court does not have inherent authority to modify a previously imposed sentence; it may do so only pursuant to statutory authorization." As the Tenth Circuit explained:
United States v. Mendoza, 118 F.3d 707, 709 (10th Cir. 1997).
A district court is authorized to modify a Defendant's sentence only in specified instances where Congress has expressly granted the court jurisdiction to do so. Section 3582(c) of Title 18 of the United States Code provides three avenues through which the court may "modify a term of imprisonment once it has been imposed." A court may modify a sentence: (1) in certain circumstances "upon motion of the Director of the Bureau of Prisons", (2) "to the extent otherwise expressly permitted by statute or by Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure", or (3) "upon motion of the defendant or the Director of the Bureau of Prisons," or on the court's own motion in cases where the applicable sentencing range "has subsequently been lowered by the Sentencing Commission."If a defendant's argument does not fit within one of these three limited avenues under § 3582(c), the Court is without jurisdiction to consider the request. None of the avenues set forth above apply to this case.
United States v. Blackwell, 81 F.3d 945, 947-48 (10th Cir. 1996) (citations and footnote omitted). Congress twice amended 18 U.S.C. § 3582, in 1996 and 2004; neither of these amendments substantively affects the Tenth Circuit's analysis.
United States v. Smartt, 129 F.3d 539, 541 (10th Cir. 1997).
Second, the Court declines to exercise its discretion to make a supplemental recommendation outside the judgment concerning RRC placement. The Court previously made its recommendations at sentencing based on Defendant's circumstances. Defendant offers mitigating circumstances for the Court's consideration—his participation in RDAP and completion of vocational training in welding. While the Court commends Defendant for his participation in these programs, these factors do not warrant a supplemental recommendation to the BOP. Even if the Court were inclined to make the requested recommendation, however, it would not be binding on the BOP, which has its own policies that will identify whether Defendant is eligible for RRC placement. Accordingly, has Court does not have the authority to amend or supplement its recommendation to the BOP as requested, and Defendant's motion must be denied.
See McMillon, 2017 WL 5904052, at *2 (declining to make supplemental RRC recommendations based on defendant's participation in prison sports program and RDAP); Grant, 2017 WL 2799851, at *1 (declining to make supplemental RRC recommendation because the court carefully considered multiple factors bearing on defendant's incarceration at sentencing).
See 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b) ("Any order, recommendation, or request by a sentencing court that a convicted person serve a term of imprisonment in a community corrections facility shall have no binding effect on the authority of the Bureau under this section to determine or change the place of imprisonment of that person.").
See U.S. Dep't of Justice, Fed. Bureau of Prisons, Program Statement 7310.04, Cmty. Corr. Ctr. (CCC) Utilization and Transfer Procedures (1998). --------
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED BY THE COURT that Defendant's Motion for Recommendation to the Bureau of Prisons (Doc. 106) is denied.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: February 7, 2018
S/ Julie A. Robinson
JULIE A. ROBINSON
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE