Opinion
2:13cr18
07-09-2014
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. JOHN M. CHAPMAN
Electronic Filing
MEMORANDUM ORDER
AND NOW, this 9th day of July, 2014, upon consideration of defendant's motion for leave to file documents under seal, IT IS ORDERED that [44] the motion be, and the same hereby is, granted. It appears that the contemplated motion contains information that may warrant the use of the court's authority to place submissions on its docket under seal. Accordingly, defendant may file his motion for a downward departure under seal. At this juncture defendant is excused from filing a redacted version of the motion. Unless ordered otherwise, the sealed filing(s) shall remain under seal for ten (10) years from the date of this order;
Notwithstanding the above, counsel is hereby advised that any aspect of the contemplated motion that specifically is used by the court as a basis for affirmative relief under the guidelines or otherwise should be maintained under seal only upon a showing that the information to be kept from the public record meets the stringent standards for maintaining materials under seal set forth in United States v. Criden, 648 F.2d 814, 820-21 (3d Cir. 1981) (the common law right of access gives rise to a strong presumption of access to materials considered by the court in the discharge of its public functions); United States v. Martin, 746 F.2d 964, 968 (3d Cir. 1984) ("The common law right of access is not limited to evidence, but rather encompasses all 'judicial records and documents,' . . . [including] transcripts, evidence, pleadings, and other materials submitted by litigants . . . .'") (citations omitted); Publicker Industries, Inc. v. Cohen, 733 F.2d 1059, 1066-67 (3d Cir. 1984) (the First Amendment protects the same panoply of rights as the common law right of access); and United States v. Smith, 787 F.2d 111, 115 (3d Cir. 1986) ("we hold that the common law right of access to judicial records is fully applicable to transcripts of sidebar or chambers conferences during criminal trials at which evidentiary or other substantive rulings have been made, and that the district court did not err in ruling that the transcript of the sidebar conference should be disclosed because Doe did not demonstrate that the factors opposing access outweigh those favoring it.").
Specifically, the court notes that "[i]t is settled that a strong presumption of access attaches to sentencing memoranda. Sentencing memoranda are indisputably judicial records, as these are either filed with the Court, see [In re Cendant Corp., 260 F.3d 183, 192 (3d Cir. 2001)], or as briefs rendered part of the public record . . . . Moreover, these may on occasion serve as a basis for judicial departure from the sentencing guidelines, thereby bearing directly upon the Court's Article III duties in the criminal justice arena, perhaps the most important of judicial duties." United States v. Kushner, 349 F. Supp.2d 892, 899-904 (D. N.J., 2005). It follows a fortiori that the same presumption attaches to motions for departure under the United States Sentencing Guidelines and requests for variances pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
Given the above principles, upon inquiry the information considered and relied upon by the court in fashioning a sentence will be kept from public scrutiny only where defendant has carried the burden of showing there are concrete countervailing interests that are sufficient to overcome the presumptive right of access. See generally Mine Safety Appliances v. The North River Ins. Co., 2014 WL 1320150, *11 (W.D. Pa. March 31, 2014) (Cercone, J.) ("At the very least, . . . the party seeking the closure of a hearing or the sealing of part of the judicial record 'bears the burden of showing that the material is the kind of information that courts will protect' and that 'disclosure will work a clearly defined and serious injury to the party seeking closure.'") (citations omitted). And the order granting the motion for leave to file under seal has been entered in accordance with this proviso.
Of course, the court reserves the right to revisit the matter sua sponte and apply these same standards after it has reviewed defendant's motion.
__________
David Stewart Cercone
United States District Judge
cc: Gregory C. Melucci, AUSA
Marketa Sims, AFPD
Via: CM/ECF Electronic Filing