Opinion
Case No.: 1:18-CR-17-4
08-23-2018
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON, Defendant.
(JUDGE KEELEY)
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION CONCERNING PLEA OF GUILTY IN FELONY CASE
This matter has been referred to the undersigned Magistrate Judge by the District Court for purposes of conducting proceedings pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11 (ECF No. 139). Defendant, Christopher Anderson, in person and by counsel, Charles Berry, appeared before me on August 23, 2018. The Government appeared by Assistant United States Attorney, Zelda Wesley. The Court determined that Defendant was prepared to enter a plea of "Guilty" to Count One of the Indictment.
The Court proceeded with the Rule 11 proceeding by first placing Defendant under oath and inquiring into Defendant's competency. The Court determined Defendant was competent to proceed with the Rule 11 plea hearing and cautioned and examined Defendant under oath concerning all matters mentioned in Rule 11.
Defendant, Mr. Anderson, informed the Court he was currently undergoing mental health treatment for schizophrenia at Chestnut Ridge Hospital in Morgantown, W.Va. The Defendant further informed the Court he was currently taking the medication clozaril (clozapine) for his condition. Defendant stated that the medication has been helpful and that he has not been hospitalized for several months since beginning treatment with clozaril. The Defendant confirmed with the Court that he understands the nature of the proceedings against him and confirmed he is competent to enter a guilty plea to Count One. Counsel for the Defendant, Mr. Berry, confirmed the same, stating he fully believes the Defendant is competent and understands the charges and proceedings against him as well as the consequences of pleading guilty. --------
The Court next inquired of Defendant concerning his understanding of his right to have an Article III Judge hear the entry of his guilty plea and his understanding of the difference between an Article III Judge and a Magistrate Judge. Defendant thereafter stated in open court that he voluntarily waived his right to have an Article III Judge hear his plea and voluntarily consented to the undersigned Magistrate Judge hearing his plea. Defendant tendered to the Court a written Waiver of Article III Judge and Consent to Enter Guilty Plea before Magistrate Judge. The waiver and consent was signed by Defendant, countersigned by Defendant's counsel, and concurred by the signature of the Assistant United States Attorney.
Upon consideration of the sworn testimony of Defendant, as well as the representations of his counsel and the representations of the Government, the Court finds that the oral and written waiver of an Article III Judge and consent to enter a guilty plea before a Magistrate Judge was freely and voluntarily given. Additionally, the Court finds that the written waiver and consent was freely and voluntarily executed by Defendant Christopher Anderson only after having had his rights fully explained to him and having a full understanding of those rights through consultation with his counsel, as well as through questioning by the Court. The Court ORDERED the written Waiver and Consent to Enter Guilty Plea before a Magistrate Judge filed and made part of the record.
Thereafter, the Court determined that Defendant's plea was pursuant to a written plea agreement, and asked the Government to tender the original to the Court. The Court asked counsel for the Government if the agreement was the sole agreement offered to Defendant. The Government responded that it was, and counsel for Defendant confirmed the same. The Court asked counsel for the Government to summarize the written plea agreement. Counsel for Defendant and Defendant stated that the agreement as summarized by counsel for the Government was correct and complied with their understanding of the agreement. The undersigned further inquired of Defendant regarding his understanding of the written plea agreement. Defendant stated he understood the terms of the written plea agreement and also stated that it contained the whole of his agreement with the Government and no promises or representations were made to him by the Government other than those terms contained in the written plea agreement. The Court ORDERED the written plea agreement filed.
The undersigned then reviewed with Defendant Count One of the Indictment and the elements the Government would have to prove, charging him with Conspiracy to Violate Firearms Laws in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 371. Subsequently, Defendant Christopher Anderson pled GUILTY to the charge contained in Count One of the Indictment. However, before accepting Defendant's plea, the undersigned inquired of Defendant's understanding of the charges against him, inquired of Defendant's understanding of the consequences of him pleading guilty to the charges, and obtained the factual basis for Defendant's plea.
The Court heard the testimony of, Special Agent Matt Bassett, agent for the division of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). Special Agent Bassett testified that he is an ATF Agent (Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms) who is responsible for investigating violations of firearms laws. Special Agent Bassett further testified that he was involved in the investigation of Amanze Antoine who was engaged in the trafficking of firearms from West Virginia to New York. Special Agent Bassett testified that Mr. Antoine would find local drug users in West Virginia to engage in "straw purchases" of firearms. Mr. Antoine is a convicted felon and was unable to purchase firearms himself. In exchange, Mr. Antoine would provide individuals who assisted him in the purchase of firearms with controlled substances. Special Agent Bassett testified that the services for Mr. Antoine were often arranged by the Defendant, Christopher Anderson, in that the Defendant would introduce Mr. Antoine to local individuals willing to purchase firearms for Mr. Antoine. Special Agent Bassett further testified that on June 19, 2017, the Defendant, Christopher Anderson accompanied Mr. Antoine and Tommy Calhoun to a local "FFL", West Virginia Jewelry and Loan. Special Agent Bassett testified that Mr. Antoine and the Defendant went into the business and selected firearms. The two then left the establishment and informed Tommy Calhoun which firearms to purchase. Mr. Calhoun then purchased the firearms at the direction of Mr. Antoine and the Defendant. Mr. Antoine and Mr. Calhoun were stopped later that day in Star City, W.Va. on their way to the Pittsburgh Bus Station, by which Mr. Antoine planned to transport the purchased firearms to New York. Mr. Antoine fled from police on foot and hid in a dumpster through the night. Police recovered the firearms that the Defendant and Mr. Antoine had selected. The Defendant, Christopher Anderson, then harbored Mr. Antoine to assist him in evading law enforcement and helped to make arrangements for Mr. Antoine to return to New York. Special Agent Bassett testified that Mr. Antoine, in exchange for the Defendant's assistance, frequently provided him with controlled substances, in particular, crack-cocaine.
Neither counsel for Defendant nor Defendant had any questions for the witness. Defendant stated he heard, understood, and did not disagree with the testimony of the Government's witness. Additionally, Defendant provided a factual basis for the commission of the offense. The undersigned Magistrate Judge concludes the offense charged in Count One of the Indictment is supported by an independent basis in fact concerning each of the essential elements of such offense, and that independent basis is provided by Special Agent Matt Bassett's testimony and the factual basis provided by the Defendant.
The undersigned then reviewed with Defendant the statutory penalties applicable to an individual adjudicated guilty of the felony charge contained in Count One of the Indictment and the impact of the sentencing guidelines on sentencing in general. From said review, the undersigned Magistrate Judge determined Defendant understood the nature of the charges pending against him and that the possible statutory maximum sentence which could be imposed upon his conviction or adjudication of guilty on Count One was a term of imprisonment of not more than five (5) years. The undersigned further determined Defendant understood a fine of not more than $250,000 could be imposed, both fine and imprisonment could be imposed, he would be subject to a period of at least three (3) years of supervised release, and the Court would impose a special mandatory assessment of $100.00 for the felony conviction payable on or before the date of sentencing. Defendant also understood that his sentence could be increased if he had a prior firearm offense, violent felony conviction, or prior drug conviction. He also understood he might be required by the Court to pay the costs of his incarceration, supervision, and probation.
The undersigned also informed Defendant whether he understood that by pleading guilty he was forfeiting other rights such as right to vote, right to serve on a jury, and the right to legally possess a firearm.
Additionally, the undersigned asked Defendant whether he understood that if he were not a citizen of the United States, by pleading guilty to a felony charge he would be subject to deportation at the conclusion of any sentence; that he would be denied future entry into the United States; and that he would be denied citizenship if he ever applied for it. Defendant stated that he understood.
The undersigned also reviewed with Defendant his waiver of appellate and collateral attack rights. Defendant understood that he was waiving his right to appeal his conviction and sentence to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals on any ground whatsoever, including those grounds set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3742. Defendant further understood that under his plea agreement, he was waiving his right to challenge his conviction and sentence in any post-conviction proceeding, including any proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Defendant understood, however, that he was reserving the right to raise claims of ineffective assistance of counsel or prosecutorial misconduct that he learned about after the plea hearing and agreed that he was unaware of any ineffective assistance of counsel or prosecutorial misconduct in his case at this time. From the foregoing, the undersigned determined that Defendant understood his appellate rights and knowingly gave up those rights pursuant to the conditions contained in the written plea agreement.
The undersigned Magistrate Judge further examined Defendant relative to his knowledgeable and voluntary execution of the written plea bargain agreement, and determined the entry into said written plea bargain agreement was both knowledgeable and voluntary on the part of Defendant.
The undersigned Magistrate Judge further inquired of Defendant, his counsel, and the Government as to the non-binding recommendations and stipulations contained in the written plea bargain agreement and determined that Defendant understood, with respect to the plea bargain agreement and to Defendant's entry of a plea of guilty to the felony charge contained in Count One of the Indictment. The undersigned Magistrate Judge informed Defendant that he would write the subject Report and Recommendation and a pre-sentence investigation report would be prepared by the probation officer attending the District Court. The undersigned advised the Defendant that the District Judge would adjudicate the Defendant guilty of the felony charged under Count One of the Indictment. Only after the District Court had an opportunity to review the pre-sentence investigation report, would the District Court make a determination as to whether to accept or reject any recommendation or stipulation contained within the plea agreement or pre-sentence report. The undersigned reiterated to Defendant that the District Judge may not agree with the recommendations or stipulations contained in the written agreement. The undersigned Magistrate Judge further advised Defendant, in accord with Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11, that in the event the District Court Judge refused to follow the non-binding recommendations or stipulations contained in the written plea agreement and/or sentenced him to a sentence which was different from that which he expected, he would not be permitted to withdraw his guilty plea. Defendant and his counsel each acknowledged their understanding and Defendant maintained his desire to have his guilty plea accepted.
Defendant also understood that his actual sentence could not be calculated until after a pre-sentence report was prepared and a sentencing hearing conducted. The undersigned also advised, and Defendant stated that he understood, that the Sentencing Guidelines are no longer mandatory, and that, even if the District Judge did not follow the Sentencing Guidelines or sentenced him to a higher sentence than he expected, he would not have a right to withdraw his guilty plea. Defendant further stated that his attorney showed him how the advisory guideline chart worked but did not promise him any specific sentence at the time of sentencing. Defendant stated that he understood his attorney could not predict or promise him what actual sentence he would receive from the sentencing judge at the sentencing hearing. Defendant further understood there was no parole in the federal system, but that he may be able to earn institutional good time, and that good time was not controlled by the Court, but by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Defendant, Christopher Anderson, with the consent of his counsel, Charles Berry proceeded to enter a verbal plea of GUILTY to the felony charge in Count One of the Indictment.
Upon consideration of all of the above, the undersigned Magistrate Judge finds that Defendant is fully competent and capable of entering an informed plea; Defendant is aware of and understood his right to have an Article Ill Judge hear and accept his plea and elected to voluntarily consent to the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge hearing his plea; Defendant understood the charges against him, not only as to the Indictment as a whole, but in particular as to Count One of the Indictment; Defendant understood the consequences of his plea of guilty, in particular the maximum statutory penalty to which he would be exposed for Count One; Defendant made a knowing and voluntary plea of guilty to Count One of the Indictment; and Defendant's plea is independently supported by Special Agent Matt Bassett's testimony which provides, beyond a reasonable doubt, proof of each of the essential elements of the charges to which Defendant has pled guilty.
The undersigned Magistrate Judge therefore recommends Defendant's plea of guilty to Count One of the Indictment herein be accepted conditioned upon the Court's receipt and review of this Report and Recommendation.
The undersigned magistrate judge released Defendant on the terms of the Order Setting Conditions of Release (ECF No. 27) filed on July 5, 2018,
Any party may, within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy of this Report and Recommendation, file with the Clerk of the Court written objections identifying the portions of the Report and Recommendation to which objection is made, and the basis for such objection. A copy of such objections should also be submitted to the Honorable Irene M. Keeley, United States District Judge. Failure to timely file objections to the Report and Recommendation set forth above will result in waiver of the right to appeal from a judgment of this Court based upon such report and recommendation. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l); United States v. Schronce, 727 F.2d 91 (4th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1208 (1984); Wright v. Collins, 766 F.2d 841 (4th Cir. 1985); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140 (1985).
The Clerk of the Court is directed to send a copy of this Report and Recommendation to counsel of record. Respectfully submitted on August 23, 2018
/s/_________
MICHAEL JOHN ALOI
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE