Summary
In United States Fidelity Guaranty Co. v. Bramwell, 108 Or. 261, 217 P. 332, 333, 32 A.L.R. 829, it is said: "The common law of England, modified and amended by English statutes, as it existed at the time of the American Revolution * * * has been adopted and is in force in this state."
Summary of this case from State v. DietzOpinion
Dey, Hampson & Nelson and Geo. L. Buland, all of Portland, Or., for plaintiff.
John P. Kavanaugh, of Portland, Or., and H. C. Merryman, of Klamath Falls, Or., for defendant.
BEAN, District Judge.
The laws of the United States provide that, where any person indebted to the United States is insolvent, the debt due it shall be first satisfied (R.S. Sec. 3466 (Comp. St. Sec. 6372)), and that, where the principal in any bond given the United States is insolvent, a surety who pays the money due on the bond shall have like priority as the United States (R.S. Sec. 3468 (Comp. St. Sec. 6374)). With this law in force, the United States, through the superintendent of the Klamath Indian reservation, caused to be deposited from time to time in the First State & Savings Bank of Klamath Falls moneys received by such officer from the sale of tribal land, pasturage and trespass on tribal lands, rent and trespass on allotted lands, sale of Indian allotments, and other miscellaneous moneys, and the bank, with plaintiff as surety, executed and delivered to the United States a bond in the penal sum of $100,000 as security for such deposits and interest thereon.
On January 28, 1922, there was so on deposit in the name of the superintendent the sum of about $95,000. On that day the bank was insolvent, and the state superintendent of banks took charge of its assets for the purpose of liquidation. Thereafter the plaintiff paid the United States the amount of such deposit and interest, amounting to $96,932.30, and duly presented for preference in the liquidation proceedings a claim for the amount so paid. The preference was denied, but the claim was allowed as a general claim. The plaintiff thereupon commenced this suit for a decree requiring the state superintendent of banks to pay its claim in full prior to the payment of unsecured and unpreferred creditors of the bank.
The position of the defendant is that the statute giving the United States priority was designed to protect the public revenues, so that the government could sustain its burdens and pay its obligations, and since the debt here in question was for money held by the United States for the use and benefit of the Indians residing on the Klamath Indian reservation the statute has no application. But it seems to me this is an unwarranted construction of the statute. The language is general and without qualification. It applies to all persons indebted to the United States. The form of the indebtedness is immaterial. Lewis v. U.S., 92 U.S. 618, 23 L.Ed. 513.
The debt here in question was due from the bank to the United States, both by the terms of the deposit and the condition of the bond given for its security. The United States was the only party to which the obligation ran, and which could enforce it. It is true the money was held in trust for the use and benefit of the Indians, but that does not make the indebtedness of the bank any the less an indebtedness to the United States. The United States, under the treaty with the Klamath Indians (16 Stat. 707) and various acts of Congress (R.S. Secs. 441, 465 and 2068 (Comp. St. 681, 723, 4014); Comp. St. Secs. 4069 and 4072;
Page 333.
36 Stat. 856; 40 Stat. 591 (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, Secs. 4077aa, 4078a)), is the guardian of the Indians on the reservation, and as such supervises and manages their affairs, collects and disburses funds intended for their benefit, and may sue to enforce and protect their rights and obligations (U.S. v. Fidelity Trust, 121 F. 766, 58 C.C.A. 42; U.S. v. Comet Oil & Gas Co. (C.C.) 187 F. 674; Watson v. U.S. (C.C.A.) 263 F. 700; U.S. v. Gray, 201 F. 291, 119 C.C.A. 529; Central Nat. Bank of Tulsa v. U.S. (C.C.A.) 283 F. 368; U.S. v. Thurston, 143 F. 287, 74 C.C.A. 425); and when it causes money received by it through its officers for the use and benefit of the Indians, to be deposited to its credit in a bank, it is, in my opinion, entitled to priority on account thereof to the same extent as in the case of any other debt due it, and such was conceded to be the law in the recent case of U.S. v. Oklahoma, 261 U.S. 253, 43 Sup.Ct. 295, 67 L.Ed. 638, decided by the Supreme Court on February 19, 1923.
It is suggested that it does not appear from the record that the bank was insolvent within the meaning of section 3466 at the time its affairs were taken over by the state officer. It is alleged in the complaint that at the time the actual cash market value of the assets of the bank was insufficient to meet its liabilities, and it is stipulated that 'the total value of its assets was less than the amount of the indebtedness of said bank;' and this, I take it, is insolvency, within the meaning of the statute as interpreted in the Oklahoma Case.
It follows that the plaintiff is entitled to a decree directing the payment of its claim, with interest (American Surety Co. v. Carbon Timber Co. (C.C.A.) 263 F. 295), in preference to the general obligations of the bank.