Summary
In Tobin, the plaintiff sought to have Aetna defend and indemnify him under his homeowner's policy with regard to an action brought by the plaintiff's brother for injuries he received in an altercation with the plaintiff.
Summary of this case from State Farm Fire v. HeronOpinion
Docket No. 102320.
Decided November 23, 1988.
Nill, Kirby, Rockwell Swann, P.C. (by Norman J. Christopherson), for plaintiff.
Robert A. Hahn and Thomas C. Wimsatt, for Aetna Casualty Surety Company.
John J. Kalo, for James E. Tobin, Jr.
Defendant insurance company appeals by leave granted from the lower court's grant of partial summary disposition on plaintiff's MCR 2.116(C)(10) motion, finding that defendant had a duty to defend plaintiff in an action brought by plaintiff's brother. We reverse.
James Tobin sued plaintiff claiming negligence and assault and battery arising out of an incident in which plaintiff hit him in the face and injured him. Plaintiff was insured under a homeowner's insurance policy from defendant which provided for liability coverage and a duty to defend, but which excluded coverage for injuries "expected or intended by the insured." This Court has interpreted this exclusionary language to apply when the injury sustained was the natural, foreseeable, expected, and anticipated result of the insured's intentional act. State Farm Fire Casualty Co v Groshek, 161 Mich. App. 703, 710; 411 N.W.2d 480 (1987); State Farm Fire Casualty Co v Jenkins, 147 Mich. App. 462, 468; 382 N.W.2d 796 (1985); Yother v McCrimmon, 147 Mich. App. 130, 133-134; 383 N.W.2d 126 (1985).
At his deposition, plaintiff testified that James Tobin grabbed him because of a misunderstanding regarding a woman. James would not let him go so plaintiff hit him once in the eye with a closed hand. Plaintiff aimed for James' eyebrow because he thought that he would do the least amount of damage if he hit him there. Plaintiff hit James right where he wanted to. While plaintiff may claim that he did not intend to injure James Tobin, to say there was no expectation of injury is patently disingenuous. Some acts are so certain to produce injury that intent or expectation to injure should be inferred as a matter of law. Allstate Ins Co v Freeman, 160 Mich. App. 349, 356; 408 N.W.2d 153 (1987).
Although James Tobin's complaint alleges that plaintiff negligently struck him, that characterization does not control the applicability of the exclusionary clause. There is no duty to defend or provide coverage where a complaint is merely an attempt to trigger insurance coverage by characterizing allegations of tortious conduct as "negligent" activity. Aetna Casualty Surety Co v Sprague, 163 Mich. App. 650, 654; 415 N.W.2d 230 (1987).
The duty to defend is not limited by the precise language of pleadings. The insurer is not required to defend against claims expressly excluded from policy coverage. Meridian Mutual Ins Co v Hunt, 168 Mich. App. 672, 677; 425 N.W.2d 111 (1988).
In reviewing the grant of plaintiff's MCR 2.116(C)(10) motion, this Court looks beyond the pleadings to the other available record. We give the benefit of any reasonable doubt and view the evidence in a light most favorable to the insurer as the party opposing the motion. Freeman, supra, pp 352-353.
Our review indicates that the trial court erred in granting summary disposition here. James Tobin's alleged injuries were the natural, foreseeable, expected, and anticipated result of plaintiff's admittedly intentional act of striking him. Plaintiff's insurance policy excluded coverage for bodily injury which was expected or intended by the insured. Defendant has no duty to defend or provide coverage in James Tobin's action against plaintiff.
The decision of the trial court is reversed and this case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
Reversed and remanded.