Summary
In Terrill v. Western Am. Life Ins. Co., 85 N.M. 456, 513 P.2d 390 (1973), although the defendant did not affirmatively plead illegality as a defense in its answer as required by N.M.R.Civ.P. 8(c) nor at any time move to amend its answer, the issue was raised by the testimony at trial.
Summary of this case from Apodaca v. Unknown Heirs of Following PersonsOpinion
No. 9635.
August 3, 1973. Rehearing Denied August 30, 1973.
Appeal from the District Court, Curry County, Dee C. Blythe, D. J.
Earl E. Hartley, Albuquerque, for defendant-appellant.
Gore Nieves, Clovis, for plaintiff-appellee.
OPINION
Plaintiff brought this suit in the District Court of Curry County to obtain an accounting for renewal commissions on life insurance policies sold, amended or converted through his efforts and for judgment for any unpaid commissions due him. Plaintiff's complaint was based on a letter agreement dated October 15, 1965, providing for 7 1/2% of lifetime vested renewals on particular policies that he sold, amended, or converted.
Defendant raised only the affirmative defenses of res judicata and that all the monies and accountings had been paid or made.
Judgment for the plaintiff was entered on October 2, 1972 and defendant appealed.
The defendant life insurance company contends that the agreement to pay and the payment of renewal commissions on these policies beyond ten years from the date of each policy is illegal. This contention is based completely on the testimony of its president and it purports to show that the superintendent of insurance had ordered the defendant to discontinue its payment of commissions beginning with the eleventh year of each questioned policy.
The defendant did not affirmatively plead illegality as a defense in its answer as required by Rule 8(c) [§ 21-1-1(8)(c), N.M.S.A.] nor did the defendant at any time during or after the hearing move to amend its answer to include this affirmative defense as provided by Rule 15(b) [§ 21-1-1(15)(b), N.M.S.A.]. In spite of this, the testimony of defendant's president at trial raised the issue of illegality and was litigated without objection and specifically ruled upon by the trial court. Therefore, the defendant's failure to affirmatively plead or move to amend at trial does not become an issue on appeal.
The defendant attacks as erroneous three specific findings of fact made by the trial court.
"6. The plaintiff has not been paid for various policies in which he has a vested lifetime renewal for the period of January 1, 1970, to May, 1972, resulting in commissions due him for said period in the amount of $2,586.99.
7. The plaintiff has earned commissions due him by defendant for all subject policies on which premiums have been paid since May 1, 1972, and is entitled to such commissions as long as the subject policies are in force and effect.
8. The defendant did not affirmatively plead, nor did it prove, the defense that said contract was ultra vires or illegal." (T.R. 32)
The defendant relied exclusively upon the testimony of its president in attempting to prove its defense of illegality. The defendant failed to prove any official ruling by the superintendent of insurance which would declare illegal the payment of commissions, as required by the contract between the parties. It also failed to prove that any directive was issued by the insurance commissioner ordering any termination of such payments. It is the trial court's responsibility, as fact-finder, to determine the weight and credibility of the testimony of a witness. Moreover, it is this court's policy that findings of fact which are supported by substantial evidence will not be disturbed on appeal. Forsyth v. Joseph, 80 N.M. 27, 450 P.2d 627 (1968); Armijo v. Via Development Corporation, 81 N.M. 262, 466 P.2d 108 (1970).
Therefore, because the defendant failed to prove its defense of illegality, the judgment is affirmed.
It is so ordered.
McMANUS, C. J., and MONTOYA, J., concur.