We do so with full recognition of the case authority which states that, in applying the provisions of Minnesota Statutes Section 549.191, the Court should examine the evidence in support of a punitive damages claim, without considering the evidence submitted in opposition to the claim. Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. American Airlines, Inc., 870 F.Supp. 1499, 1502-03 (D.Minn.1994); Swanlund v. Shimano Indus., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App.1990) (proffered evidence should be considered "without cross-examination or other challenge."). At the same time, the Minnesota Supreme Court commands the Courts, which consider such a Motion, to "do more than `rubber stamp' the allegations in the motion papers," for they "must ascertain whether there exists prima facie evidence that the defendants acted with `willful indifference.'"
" Id. "The term `prima facie' does not refer to a quantum of evidence, but to a procedure for screening out unmeritorious claims for punitive damages." Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App. 1990), review denied (Minn. Oct. 5, 1990).
Ultimately, the Court's independent search for clear and convincing, prima facie evidence, that the defendant acted with a deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others, requires the Court to do more than "rubber stamp" the allegations in the Motion papers. Id.; Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., Ltd., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App. 1990).
Under the strictures of Section 549.191, "the Court reviews the evidence in support of a Motion to Amend as the Court would review a Motion for a Directed Verdict * * *." Ulrich v. City of Crosby, supra at 867; see also, Swanlund v. Shimano Indus., Corp., Ltd., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App. 1990). Thus, as we have observed in prior cases, in reaching such a determination, the Court makes no credibility rulings, and does not consider any challenge, by cross-examination or otherwise, to the plaintiff's proof.Id.
"The term `prima facie' does not refer to a quantum of evidence, but to a procedure for screening out unmeritorious claims for punitive damages." Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App. 1990). A court does not make credibility findings and does not consider evidence offered in opposition.
Under the strictures of Section 549.191, "the Court reviews the evidence in support of a Motion to Amend as the Court would review a Motion for a Directed Verdict. . . ." Ulrich v. City of Crosby, supra at 867; see also, Swanlund v. Shimano Indus., Corp., Ltd., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.App. 1990). Thus, as we have observed in prior cases, in reaching such a determination, the Court makes no credibility rulings, and does not consider any challenge, by cross-examination or otherwise, to the plaintiff's proof.
Am. President Lines, Ltd. , 32 F.3d 1244, 1255 (8th Cir. 1994) (quoting Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp. , 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn. App. 1990) ) (internal quotation marks omitted). Under the punitive damages statute, the moving party must establish a prima facie case by clear and convincing evidence, which consists only of producing evidence that will "reasonably allow" a conclusion of willful indifference, much like a summary-judgment standard.
The parties dispute whether the proper standard of review is de novo or abuse of discretion. The Browns argue that a de novo standard applies, citing our decision in Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., Ltd., 459 N.W.2d 151, 155 (Minn. App. 1990), review denied (Minn. Oct. 5, 1990).
We acknowledge the decision in Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., which recognized the abuse-of-discretion standard of review but applied a de novo standard. 459 N.W.2d 151, 155 (Minn. App. 1990), review denied (Minn. Oct. 5, 1990).
In order to succeed on a punitive damages claim under Minnesota law, "the plaintiff must show `clear and convincing' evidence of willful indifference to the rights or safety of others." Swanlund v. Shimano Indus. Corp., 459 N.W.2d 151, 154 (Minn.Ct.App. 1990) (quoting Minn. Stat. ยง 549.20). The "clear and convincing" standard of proof is "implicitly incorporated into the requirement that the movant present a prima facie case of willful indifference."