Opinion
No. C-1467
Decided May 7, 1979.
Petitioner, who pled guilty to charge of theft of a rental car, was given a deferred sentence, conditioned upon two years probation and was ordered to pay restitution of $150 per month. The court of appeals, 40 Colo. App. 121, 575 P.2d 437, reversed and remanded the matter to the trial court for further hearing to determine whether defendant had the ability to pay during the time he was employed and certiorari was granted.
Affirmed
1. PROBATION AND PAROLE — Revocation — Ability to Pay — Three Factors. With regard to requirement that, before probation may be revoked based upon a finding that probationer did not pay moneys due under condition of probation, probationer must have the present ability to pay; the ability to pay is measured by three factors: (1) that a job for which probationer is qualified is available, (2) that the job would produce an income adequate to meet his obligations, and (3) that the probationer unjustifiably refused to take it.
2. Revocation — Restitution — Finding — Ability to Pay — Willful Failure to Comply. Before revocation of probation for failure to make ordered restitution payments can be effected, the trial court must find that the defendant had the ability to pay at the time the payments should have been made so that probation is revoked only where the probationer unreasonably or willfully fails to comply with the terms of his probation.
3. Ability to Pay — Failure to Make Findings — Cause Remanded. Due to district court's failure to make findings as to defendant's present ability to pay, its order revoking probation, due to defendant's failure to meet restitution condition of probation, was properly reversed; accordingly, cause would be remanded to permit district court to make such findings.
Certiorari to the Colorado Court of Appeals
Rollie R. Rogers, State Public Defender, James F. Dumes, Jr., Chief Deputy, Margaret L. O'Leary, Deputy, for petitioner.
J. D. MacFarlane, Attorney General, David W. Robbins, Deputy, Edward G. Donovan, Solicitor General, David Schwartz, Assistant, for respondent.
The petitioner, Dale Robert Strickland, was charged on September 11, 1975, with theft of a rental car. Pursuant to a stipulation under section 16-7-403(2), C.R.S. 1973, petitioner entered a plea of guilty to the charge. The District Court of El Paso County ordered a deferred sentence, conditioned upon two years probation. As one of the conditions of probation, the petitioner was ordered to pay restitution of $150 per month, such payments to commence February 28, 1976.
On September 23, 1976, the probation department filed a petition to revoke probation in the district court alleging that the petitioner had failed to make any restitution payments whatsoever. A hearing was held on these alleged probation violations. The court found that the petitioner had worked at different times, that he had gotten at least ten paychecks of approximately $100 each, and that he had paid nothing in fulfillment of his restitution obligations. It was undisputed that he was unemployed at the time of the revocation hearing, and the court made no finding as to his ability to pay at that time. The court revoked probation.
The petitioner asserts on appeal that the district court's failure to make findings as to his "present ability to pay" — that is, at the time of the revocation hearing — constituted reversible error. He cites as controlling on that question this court's decision in People v. Romero, 192 Colo. 106, 559 P.2d 1101 (1976).
The Colorado Court of Appeals reversed the trial court, holding that Romero, supra, was inapposite, People v. Strickland, 40 Colo. App. 121, 575 P.2d 436 (1977), but it remanded the matter to the trial court for a further hearing to determine whether the defendant had the ability to pay during the time he was employed. We granted certiorari to clarify Romero. We now affirm the court of appeals.
[1] In People v. Silcott, 177 Colo. 451, 494 P.2d 835 (1972), this court adopted the rule that "a finding of ability to pay is necessary before probation is revoked." Id. at 454, 494 P.2d at 837. Ability to pay is measured by three factors: (1) that a job for which the probationer is qualified is available; (2) that the job would produce an income adequate to meet his obligations; and (3) that the probationer unjustifiably refuses to take it. People v. Romero, supra.
[2] The reason for requiring that ability to pay be established before probation can be revoked is to allow revocation only where the probationer unreasonably or willfully fails to comply with the terms of his probation. With this foundation laid, the principle of Romero becomes clear; i.e., to require that, before revocation of probation for failure to make ordered restitution payments can be effected, the trial court must find that the defendant had the ability to pay at the time the payments should have been made.
It was the factual situation in Romero which evoked our language there requiring a finding of ability to pay at the time of the hearing. In Romero it was undisputed that the defendant was unemployed at all times between the time the conditional probation was ordered and the time the petition for revocation was filed. At the revocation hearing, the trial court made no factually-supported finding that Romero had an ability to pay at the time he should have been making payments. Rather, the court judicially noticed that jobs were available to Romero and concluded that he had not been truthful when he testified that he had made repeated attempts to obtain employment. Since there was nothing in the record to support the trial court's finding that jobs were available to Romero at the time of the hearing, we returned the matter to the trial court for further proceedings to determine that issue. The holding therefore assured that Romero's probation could not be revoked without clear factual evidence that he willfully or unreasonably failed to make the payments owed.
[3] However, in the present case the evidence is clear that the petitioner was employed during the period of time he was in default and that he made no payments at all towards restitution. Under the remand order of the court of appeals, the district court will make further findings on petitioner's ability to pay during that period, thus safeguarding petitioner's probation against revocation unless a willful or unreasonable failure to pay is evident. Nothing more is required.
Having reviewed petitioner's other contentions, we find them to be without merit. The decision of the court of appeals is affirmed, and the case is remanded to the district court for further findings.
Affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE CARRIGAN does not participate.